Reaction Paper This chapter analyzes social policy taking into account theories of sociology. Sociological theories help to understand the structure and dynamics of the industrialization process and to address the social problems that accompany it, such as high levels of crime. It is largely interested in urban societies and seeks to understand how individuals integrate into mass society, how inequalities based on race, gender and social class appear and are perpetuated, and how bureaucracies function. The process generated by the critical analysis of society, which questions what is normally taken for granted; To lead to new insights, sociologists have studied human interaction and organization. This helps policy makers understand society and their place in it. They also learn useful skills for analyzing topics such as poverty, homelessness, divorce, urbanization, unemployment, inequality, race, class and gender. These and other topics constitute the object of sociological inquiry. Sociologists assert that daily life is possible through shared beliefs. Examples include capitalism, democracy, religious freedom, justice and meritocracy. Because human interaction is a dynamic rather than fixed phenomenon, sociologists rely on historical models to explain modern life. That is, people's behavior is a response to the conditions in which they live. Marx believed in communist society as an ideal type. In communitarianism, all property belongs to the community and no social distinction is based on the abilities of individuals. Whereas under the principle of laissez-faire, people could compete freely with minimal government intervention in the economy. Sociologist Richard Schaefer viewed race and ethnicity as a topic for research and labeling theories of sociology as they relate to the study of race and ethnicity. In part two, examine some often-overlooked sources of intergroup conflict in the United States: white ethnic groups and religious minorities. Diversity in the United States is evident when looking at ethnic and religious groups resulting from waves of immigration. Part Three places greater emphasis on the history and contemporary status of Native Americans, African Americans, Hispanics, Asian Americans, and Jews. in the United States. Social institutions such as family, education, politics, health care, religion, and economics receive special attention for subordinate groups. The author argues that institutional discrimination, rather than individual action, is the source of conflict between subordinate and dominant elements in the United States..