Table of ContentsSummaryChapter OneIntroductionBackground of the StudyProblem StatementRationale of the StudyObjectives of the StudySpecific ObjectivesChapter TwoLiterature ReviewChapter Three Materials and MethodsConfidentialityAuthority AuthorizationConcealmentVoluntary ParticipationReferences:AbstractFruits are very essential in human diet due to of their high nutritional value as sources of vitamins and minerals. Consequently, they generated increased commercialization. However, in developing countries, the per capita consumption of fruits, including fruits, is only 100 g, compared to 220 g in developed countries (Idah, Ajisegiri and Yisa, 2007). The provision of basic food products at prices accessible to the average consumer is necessary to ensure and maintain food security (Onu and Iliyasu, 2008). This will be a descriptive study to evaluate the profitability analysis of fruit trade in Yankaba market, Kano metropolis, Nigeria. Few studies have been carried out to evaluate the profitability analysis of fruit trade in Yankaba market, Kano metropolis, Nigeria. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why violent video games should not be banned”?Get the original essayThis view motivated a study to evaluate and make relevant recommendations for improving fruit farming businesses in this particular market. This study therefore seeks to conduct an investigation into these variables. The study hopes, in the end, to inform and make recommendations to farmers on how to improve their fruit sales business in the region. The main objective of the study is to analyze the profitability of fruit trading in Yankaba market, Kano Nigeria. The study population will include small and large farmers from this particular market region mentioned above. Both primary and secondary data sources will be used for this study. Purposive and accidental sampling procedures should be used to select respondents. The sample size will be 192 respondents. In this case, a scientific calculator will be used to calculate the percentages and the information will be presented in the form of contingency tables, graphs and pie charts.Chapter OneIntroductionBackground of the studyUrban population growth (4 percent annual increase) and rural (annual increase of 1.9 percent) ) areas of sub-Saharan Africa is the highest in the world. It also has the highest rate of urbanization in the world (around 3.5 percent per year). This situation would result in an increased demand for food and therefore an increased need for marketing of agricultural food products (Andres and Lebailly, 2011). This is particularly because the majority of efforts focused on increasing food production have not been impressive enough to achieve their goals (Ihimodu, 2004). In Nigeria, rapid population growth has led to an increase in demand for food. Kano metropolis, as a notable commercial hub, is one of the fastest urbanizing areas in the country (Nabegu, 2008). In fact, Kano is the third largest commercial center in Nigeria, after Lagos and Ibadan. Commerce, consisting of wholesale and retail activities, constitutes the second economic sector of Kano's economy. Although largely informal, the trade sector accounts for approximately 65-75% of domestic commercial activities. Marketing of agricultural produce is one of the dominant business activities, with wholesale sales of produce being carried out in specialized markets within the Kano metropolis.(Kano State Government, 2013). Studies have been carried out on the profitability of agricultural products. Some researchers have undertaken to analyze the profitability of production. Examples include small-scale maize production in Niger State, Nigeria (Sadiq, Yakasai, Ahmad, Lapkene, & Abubakar, 2013), gum arabic production in Jigawa State, Nigeria (Umar, Audu, and Waizah, 2011), groundnut production in Michika local area. Adamawa State Government Area of ​​Nigeria (Taru, Kyagya and Mshelia, 2010), small scale catfish farming in the state of Kaduna Nigeria (Issa, Abdulazeez, Kezi, Dari and Umar, 2014), cassava production in Eket Local Government Area of ​​Akwa. Ibom State in Nigeria (Ebukiba, 2010), urban agriculture using metropolitan organic waste in Abuja, Nigeria (Arene and Mbata, 2008). Other researchers have focused on the profitability of product marketing: rice processing and marketing in Kano State (Inuwa, Kyiogwom, Ala, Maikasuwa, & Ibrahim, 2011), rice processing and marketing in Kano State Ngoketunjia, North West region, Cameroon (Bime, Fon, Ngalim and Ongla, 2014), paddy rice in the North Ebonyi zone of Ebonyi State, Nigeria (Nwibo, Odo and Igberi, 2013) , livestock marketing in Gombe, Nigeria (Mohammed, Mohammed and Adamu, 2013). This study analyzes the profitability of fruit marketing in the Yanlemo specialized market in Kano metropolis. This objective must be achieved through two objectives. First, establish the profit level of fruit trading in the market. Second, evaluate the profitability of marketing the fruits on the market. Problem StatementHorticulture, mainly the production and sale of fruits, is the main driver of Nigeria's GDP and since it is practiced by most citizens of this country, it is therefore important to consider it. look at. With the many challenges that agriculture poses, both small and large farmers in this country struggle to improve their horticultural products. With little research done on these variables and food companies, it is prudent enough for this study to be done. This study therefore saw the need to assess the profits made through the sale of horticultural products which are fruits in this particular market. .Rationale of the StudyIn recent years, horticultural activities have increased the GDP of a nation. It was one of the most invested and challenging departments in the growth of Nigeria. The proportion of farmers participating in fruit horticulture is increasing nationally and locally and is high, but the result is not as expected. This continued underperformance of farmers in their activities does not place the country in a good position for economic development. This view motivated a study to evaluate the profitability analysis of fruit trade in Yankaba market, Kano metropolis, NigeriaResearch questionsWhat are the main constraints and opportunities for fruit supply and production in the market of Yankaba Kano Nigeria? What are the impacts of profits from fruit sales on the sustainability of horticulture in the Yankaba Kano Nigeria market? Objectives of the Study The overall objective of the study was to analyze the profitability of fruit trading in Yankaba Kano Nigeria market. The specific objectives of the study include: To find out the key constraints and opportunities for fruit sourcing and production in the Yankaba Kano Nigeria market. The impact of profits from fruit sales on the sustainability of horticulture in Nigeria. Significance and resultsexpected. This study could generate important information useful for formulating fruit marketing development programs and guidelines for interventions that would improve the efficiency of the fruit marketing system. Potential users of the results of this study would be farmers, traders, policy makers, government and non-government organizations, who wish to introduce interventions in the fruit and marketing system. Additionally, this study could be used as a source for further study. Boundaries. ü Language barrier since most residents are local and do not understand national languages ​​very well. ü Large coverage area since it is an agricultural town, many roads are not well developed. Theoretical Framework Dependent Variable Independent Variable Chapter Two Literature Review It is generally accepted that small-scale agriculture plays a central role in economic development, both in providing a significant share of national food crops and in generating income for families low income. But on the other hand, there are constraints linked to access to production resources and markets (Minot, 1986). Markets can incentivize profit-maximizing participants to develop new technologies, new products, new supply resources, new markets, and methods for exploiting them. The role of marketing in the development process could be summarized as follows: the marketing system channels net surplus capital outwards. the agricultural sector which could be used to accentuate the development of industry, infrastructure and social services; it integrates the agricultural community into the market economy through communication and exchange; the provision of secure outlets that encourage producers to increase their marketable surpluses and diversify their production; and marketing becomes Profit. In economics, this is pure profit, that is to say any excess of income in relation to all opportunity costs. In other words, it is a return that exceeds all opportunity costs, including those of capital. Profit is positive when revenues exceed costs, while it is negative (commonly called losses) when revenues are less than costs (Lipsey, 2007). Therefore, profit refers to the difference between total gross revenue and the cost of producing and marketing the product. Although any scale can be used to measure profit, profit is more commonly measured using a monetary scale because money is more easily compared across applications (Lutzs, 2010). Profitability, derived from profit and capacity, is the power of a business entity to earn profits or the ability of a given investment to earn a return from its use (Tulsian, 2014). According to Rahman, Adhikary, and Yousuf (2014), profitability referred to the profit-making capacity of a product, plant, process, or business. They have assimilated the role of profit and profitability into the “blood” of business and the “pulse” of the human body. “Without adequate blood and the ability to generate blood, it may not be possible for humans to survive. So, without profit and without the ability to make sufficient profits, it is difficult for any business to survive.” It is one of the best techniques for measuring the productivity of capital employed and the operational efficiency of an investment (Tulsian, 2014). In Nigeria, papaya is produced in home gardens and at a semi-commercial level by farmers.farmers, as well as at the commercial level by state farms. domestic consumption and local market (for the manufacture of fresh fruits and juices). Upper Awash agro-industry commercial farms (Tibila and Awara farms, Melka), horticultural development enterprise (Ziwai farm), etc. Many growers prefer papaya over other fruit crops due to its early fruit nature and ease of production practices (Jackson, et al, 1985 and IAR, 1991). Papaya trees begin producing 9 to 14 months after planting, then bear year-round. Fresh, ripe papaya fruits are eaten fresh in the tropics and are used in the preparation of jams, soft drinks, ice cream flavors, candied fruits and syrup. The seeds are also used for their medicinal value. Unripe fruits and young leaves can be cooked and eaten like fruits and spinach and the juice aids digestion and is therefore better for older people. Horticultural production is profitable. Farmers involved in horticultural production generally earn much higher agricultural incomes than grain producers. Fruit growing provides productive employment where the labor to land ratio is high, as horticultural production is generally labor intensive. The increase in horticultural production contributes to the commercialization of the rural economy and creates many non-agricultural jobs. However, the expansion of horticultural production is often hampered by lack of market access, market information and many biological factors (Weinberger and Lumpkin, 2005). Ideally, commonly measured recommendations for improving fruit marketing are better packaging, better handling and better transportation; sorting by quality; extend the market season and level out surpluses and shortages through planning market deliveries and storage; develop new markets; installation of refrigerated transport and processing equipment: and creation of marketing companies Bezabih and Hadera (2007) stated that production is seasonal and price is inversely proportional to supply. During the peak supply period, prices fall. The situation is aggravated by the perishable nature of the products and poor storage facilities. Along the marketing channel, 25 percent of the product is spoiled. From these reviewed literatures, severe seasonality of production, seasonal fluctuations in prices, poor handling before and after harvest, prevalence of pests and diseases, lack of storage are some of the critical problems faced. fruit production in NigeriaChapter threeMaterials and methods3.1 Research design. The preferred research design for this effort is the descriptive survey design. A descriptive research design asks who, what, where and how. It is intended to provide additional insight into the research problem by describing the variables of interest and can be used to describe, define, segment, estimate, predict and examine associative relationships. This type of design is also called observational studies because this approach allows subjects to be observed without otherwise intervening (Monette, Sullivan and Dejong, 2002; Hopkins, 2000). In a descriptive study, no attempt is made to change behavior or conditions. The method is also easy to explain and understand. 3.2 Variables. The independent variable in this study happens to be fruit market while the dependent variables are fruit sustainability. market, profits and structure ofmarket.3.3 Location of the study. The study site will be Yankaba Kano market, located in Nigeria.3.4 Study population. The study population will include any small and large scale farmers living in Yankaba Kano. market3.5 Sampling technique. Convenience sampling will be used to collect information from 192 farmers who are within the Yankaba Kano market limits. In choosing convenience sampling, I only want to deal with those who showed up to the market and were willing to participate in the study. This type of sampling also allows me to obtain baseline data and trends regarding fruit profitability in the region named here without many of the complications of using a randomized sample. From this sampling method, the researcher can also detect the growth and development of the relationship in relation to the loan offered. 3.6 Determination of sample size. The sample size for this study is determined using the Mugenda and Mugenda (2003) formula for determining sample size. Sample size n= (Z2pq) d2 Where; Z = standard normal deviation set at a confidence interval of 95%, i.e. 1.96 P = proportion estimated to have a characteristic similar to that studied, estimated at 50%, i.e. 0.5) d = statistical significance at the confidence level of 95%, or 0.05 = (1.962 x 0.5 x0.5) = 384 respondents. 0.052 Due to the limitations of the language barrier and poor infrastructure in the area, the researcher will then use 50% of the sample population, thus bringing the total number of respondents in this particular study to 192 respondents, obtained by dividing the number initial found by two. 384 respondents. 2 = 192 respondents3.7 Construction and research instrumentsData will be collected using structured and unstructured questionnaires and interviews. They will be used as the main instruments to collect data from farmers in the market. The first section of the questionnaire for farmers asks for information on what they know. 3.8 Pilot study and pre-test The pre-test will be piloted before the actual time of data collection to measure the relevance of the questionnaire with concerns related to duration, language appropriateness, content, validity and intelligibility of the questions. This will also test the proficiency and effectiveness of the tools. Changes will be made after pretesting.3.9 Validity and ReliabilityValidity is used to determine whether research measures actually produce the qualitative data or results they aim to measure and to approximate the veracity of the results (Colorado State University, 2012). I will submit a draft of the proposed interview questionnaire to the academic supervisor for feedback and advice on whether the questions could be considered valid for the intended study. Reliability is the extent to which an assessment tool produces stable and consistent results. Inter-rater reliability will be used to see how different farmers have opinions about the Kilimo Biaishara loan.3.1.1 Data analysis. The collected data will be checked for completeness and data erasure will be carried out before leaving the area. A scientific calculator will be used to calculate percentages and information then presented in contingency tables, graphs and pie charts relative to the objective of the study. Inferential analysis will be used because the researcher plans to use a smaller population of farmers at his convenience in the market to provide more information about the., 2(12), 288-292.