The 18th century was filled with Enlightenment philosophers, scientists, and mathematicians, each contributing to the way our world thinks today. The Enlightenment challenged society to move away from old views of superstition and traditionalism and to base its discoveries and concepts on reason and logic. Each of the brilliant minds contributed to the worldly movement, their goal was to reform society by challenging ideas firmly rooted in faith, emphasizing reason and intelligence, and advancing knowledge through science and the arts. It sparked debate and completely reshaped our world's perception of the universe, it called into question the existence of our world and what we were meant to evolve into. This massive circulation of thought would significantly affect future historical events, such as the American and French Revolution, whose foundations of government were influenced by thinkers such as Montesquieu, as well as his idea on the balance of power between the three branches of government. like Rousseau's idea of ​​the power of democracy and the consent of the people. Three of these Enlightenment philosophers were John Locke, René Descartes and Jean-Jacque Rousseau. Each of these men generally agreed that most human failures and suffering were the result of reckless following of the traditions and superstitions fed to them by the leaders of Church and State. They believed that humanity could improve greatly and that the Enlightenment values ​​of reason and humanity could achieve this. The first step was to liberate thought itself, to escape from the darkness of the past and into the light of reason. René Descartes- the father of modern philosophy “If you want to be a true seeker of truth, you must that at least once in your life l...... middle of paper ......ousseau however praised the ancient kingdom of Sparta for expelling the arts and sciences from the walls of his city. Interestingly, Rousseau speaks in this particular section of a philosopher named Socrates, as one of the few wise Athenians who recognized the corruption that the arts and sciences caused. The second part was an in-depth examination of the arts and sciences, arguing that they are born from our vices. According to Rousseau, science contributes nothing. positive to morality; it takes time for truly important activities, like friends, charity, and nationalism. He stated that philosophical and scientific knowledge of subjects such as the relationship of the mind with the body, the orbit of the planets and. the physical laws that govern particles fail to truly provide guidance for making people more virtuous citizens.