The first area examines prison structure or institutional reform. Research on crowding has focused primarily on the spatial density and social density of crowding (John Howard Society of Alberta, 2002, para. 1). The spatial density of prisons only yields a certain amount of square footage space per inmate in a housing unit. When another inmate shares this space, it creates overcrowding effects. The effects trickle down to inmates and staff. Inmates tend to engage in inappropriate behavior. They become more aggressive, less cooperative and more socially withdrawn. What remains to be done next? Resign or reform prisons, this is what some researchers propose