Slow growth in agricultural productivity means slow improvement in the well-being of those who depend on it, as emerging trends show (e.g. the growing gap between agricultural and non-agricultural labor productivities, excess family labor remaining on agricultural farms, decline in profitability on small farms). This is not necessarily the case, as the experience of comparator countries with very different factor endowments shows. China, with a much larger share of agricultural labor than India, and Brazil with a much lower share, have both made remarkable progress in improving the living standards of their agricultural populations with significantly faster agricultural productivity growth than India (Gautam, 2016). ). A unique characteristic of Indian agriculture is the predominance of small and marginal farms (1.16 ha in 2010-11). However, empirical studies indicate that the small size of land holdings is not a barrier to increasing productivity, which is determined by targeted research and investments, access to modern inputs, appropriate technology and innovative marketing systems to consolidate and market production efficiently and effectively (Economic Survey, 2013-14). Agricultural workers, especially small and marginal farmers (less than 2 hectares of land), accounted for 84.97% of agricultural workers.