It is considered the world's worst offshore disaster which killed 167 people. This disaster was caused by the explosion and fire of the Piper Alpha platform in the United Kingdom in 1988. The disaster was caused by a combination of different causes, including human factors. However, this disaster led to many changes across the world in the field of safety regulations to improve safety in different areas.BackgroundIn 1972, four companies joined after obtaining the necessary license to explore for oil and gas. gas under the North Sea. The joint venture companies discovered oil in early 1973. The oil discovered was in an area called Piper Field, located approximately 120 miles northeast of Aberdeen. There were three oil rigs in the area, namely Piper Alpha, Tartan and Claymore Rigs. These platforms sent oil to the nearest oil terminal in the Orkney Islands, mainly at Flotta, via an undersea pipeline. The terminal began producing oil in 1976 and gas in 1980. However, the production of these two products and their transportation between the platforms and the main oil terminal was complicated and therefore led to the subsequent disaster. The Piper Alpha PlatformTwo manufacturers built the Piper Alpha platform, McDermott Engineering and UIE. Building the platform was no easy task; in particular, the potential platform location was to be built in the water. The project had to be built in sections at each manufacturer before merging the two parts at the McDermott Engineering site in Ardersier. Then, in 1975, the platform was installed on its location in the water. From a safety point of view, the initial design of the platform was satisfactory...... middle of paper ...... qualifications of managers• Workers are not properly trained, Lord Cullen had recommended some recommendations on how to improve and prevent such disaster on offshore projects. Its recommendations are as follows: • The work permit system is very important and should be considered critical by workers, especially during maintenance. • Management should provide proper training to its workers on safety and emergency situations. • Fire walls should be replaced by blast walls. Some lessons have been learned. of such disaster such as:• Quality of safety management is very vital• Auditing is essential• Training of all workers is essential• Communication between workers, especially between maintenance workersRelated standards to OSHA:• “OSHA 29 CFR 1910.119”• “OSHA 29 CFR 1926.803”• “OSHA 29 CFR 1926.64”• “OSHA 29 CFR 1926.350”• “OSHA 29 CFR 1926.153”