Several researchers have attempted to understand how personality develops. Feist and Rosenburg (2012) describe personality as “the unique and relatively enduring set of behaviors, feelings, thoughts, and motivations that characterize an individual. Personality is the result of many aspects combined. Many researchers have tried to unravel the mystery of personality development. It cannot be limited to just one specific cause. Many aspects come together to create a personality. “Personality is the unique and relatively enduring set of behaviors, feelings, thoughts, and motivations that characterize an individual (Feist and Rosenburg, 2012). » Important aspects of personality include behavioral traits and thresholds. Personality is a broader term to describe traits because it encompasses specific details that are not considered part of a trait. A trait is a typical tendency to behave in a certain way and is directly related to behavior (Feist & Rosenburg, 2012). Examples of personality traits include: optimistic, intelligent, confident, adventurous, etc. A person will generally react the same way to similar situations. One way to explain these recurring trait trends is to use behavioral thresholds. Behavioral thresholds are “the point at which a person moves from no particular response to a particular response.” Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned”? Get an original essay A high threshold means that a person does not have a specific tendency to respond in a particular way (Feist and Rosenburg, 2012). Although predictions of traits and behaviors are part of personality, different aspects shape personality. Natural selection has played an important role in the development of the personalities present in people today. “Human personality traits evolved as adaptive behavioral responses to fundamental problems of survival and reproduction (Feist and Rosenburg, 2012). » As Feist and Rosenburg (2012) explain, people are sensitive to threats because the environments our ancestors lived in were threatening. Survival and reproduction are essential to maintaining a population. Human traits were born from “survival of the fittest,” as only the strongest personalities were able to carry on. According to Carl Jung, there is a masculine and a feminine part of the personality. He called the feminine part anima and the masculine part animus. Jung also theorized that every person has a masculine and a feminine part to their personality, but this may not be noticeable because opposite sexes tend to repress conflicting personalities (Feist and Rosenburg, 2012). Consistent with personality development, prenatal environments greatly affect the personality of the fetus. Information about the child's health and personality traits can be recognized from birth. “The prenatal environment may play a role in personality formation (Feist and Rosenburg, 2012). » Using fetal movements and heart rate, doctors can predict whether a baby will have higher levels of anxiety and stress. The mother's stress level will also have an effect on how the child reacts in times of stress. “That is, infants born to mothers who experienced an unusual amount of stress during pregnancy tend to have impaired stress functions; higher baseline levels of stress hormones; and a psychological response tostress faster, stronger, and more pronounced, all of which persist into childhood (Feist & Rosenburg, 2012). This means a child is more likely to experience anxiety and high stress levels because that's what they felt in the womb. According to Alfred Adler, the order in which children are born can also play a role in personality development. The firstborn is more likely to experience a sense of superiority and power, but the second child may be more cooperative but overly competitive. Adler describes the younger one as “realistically ambitious but pampered and dependent on others (Feist and Rosenburg, 2012). The argument could be used that the child is born into a situation that causes him or her to react as described in birth order stereotypes. The two fundamental arguments used to analyze personality are nature and nurture. “The forces of nature and nurture shape personality (Feist and Rosenburg, 2012).” Although both forces exist, it could be argued that only one force is more relevant than the other when it comes to personality development. Analyzing personality development from a natural perspective involves examining and comparing genetics. Comparing genetics and personality within a family may seem like the best study to determine the influence of nature on personality development, but this is not necessarily true. "When considering a family study design, its limitation is that additive genetic and shared environmental influences cannot be separated and it does not provide an estimate of heritability, but it can show evidence of a familial aggregation of personality (Bratko et al., 2014).” Most researchers prefer to compare and contrast a variety of biological environments and constitutions in order to create a more in-depth hypothesis and conclusion. In studies, variety is essential to determine how different systems and structures affect personality development. “Biological theories of personality assume that personality differences are based in part on differences in central nervous system structure and systems, such as genetics, hormones, and neurotransmitters (Feist & Rosenburg, 2012). » Many other biological theories also agree with the effects of genetics and hormones on personality. Specifically, the effects of genetics and hormones on cortical arousal, or how the brain is stimulated, reveals a lot about a person's personality. “Evidence supports the link between central nervous system arousal and personality traits, particularly extroversion-introversion (Feist & Rosenburg, 2012). » Various methods have been created to uncover the ways in which genetics and nature affect human personality. Techniques have been developed to create a way to relate genetics to personality from a natural perspective. “People differ in their intelligence, personality, and behavior, and a century of behavioral genetics research leaves no doubt that some of this variation is caused by differences in their genomes (Chabris, CI et al ., 2013). » Genome-wide association studies (GWAS), quantitative trait loci, twin studies, and the five-factor model are all approaches that have been used to look for familial aggregation. Typically, GWAS are used to examine and compare genetics to discover diseases, but another study was able to manipulate its work to learn more about personality. "GWAS have the potential to uncover somegenetic architectures of a given trait, including the number of locations in the genome, average effects, and allele frequencies of DNA variants that affect the trait (Chabris, CI et al., 2013). Chabris et al. (2013), using genome-wide association studies, found a result that supports the idea that many genes constitute personality, each with a small effect. In addition to GWAS, quantitative trait loci also focus on genetics and gene location. Quantitative trait loci are considered genetic markers. of behavioral genetics which searches for the location of genes that could be associated with particular behaviors (Feist and Rosenburg, 2012).” By finding the location of genes, this can be compared to the behavior of genes in the same location as the parents. QTL techniques show a high or low level of traits such as anxiety or impulsivity besides quantitative trait loci. , genetic similarities are usually easier to find in twin studies. When studying the behavior of twins, identical or fraternal, the genetic makeup is more comparable. For example, the trait of extroversion, or extroversion,. is often correlated at around 0.50 for identical twins (Feist and Rosenburg, 2012). Genetic makeup certainly plays a role in personality, and some argue that it accounts for about half of the contributions to personality development. In fact, in Ferguson's (2010) study, he states that 56% of the contributions to antisocial behavior are the result of genetics. Although Ferguson was specifically studying antisocial personalities, some might argue that nature more or less constitutes a person's individual identity. According to Bratko et al. (2014), genetic makeup contributes 30 to 50% to personality. Bratko's group of researchers used the five-factor model to uncover genetic relationships with personality. In addition to GWAS, QTL and twin studies; One of the most commonly used methods for testing the impact of nature on personality is the five-factor model. It is called the five-factor model because five categories are used to analyze personality through this theory. The categories are openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism (Bratko et al., 2014; Feist and Rosenburg, 2012). » Bratko and his fellow researchers led a study using the five-factor method that calculated parent-child resemblance. They were confident in this method, as stated in the summary of their study: "...from a genetic point of view, conclusions about family resemblance should not differ according to the Five-Factor Personality Questionnaire (Bratko et al., 2014). » They compared four different families but with different parts of this technique. Using the categories of the five-factor method, they were able to draw a conclusion. "Three measures of parent-child similarity (father-child correlations, mother-child correlations, and parent-child regression) indicate that there is low to moderate family aggregation across samples and questionnaires and that although the effects are for most of them low, some of this similarity is attributed to genetic effects (Bratko et al., 2014). This means that parents and their children tend to act similarly because of the genetics they share. Along with genetics, upbringing plays a role in determining the development of a personality. The second force is that personality is shaped andfed. The educational aspect encompasses external influences such as environment, family life and culture. “Personality traits produce consistent behavior over time and across situations (Feist & Rosenburg, 2012). » This means that external forces impact how a person's individual identity develops. Many psychologists and theologians would agree that education does play a role in personality progression. Powledge (2014) stated in his article: “Experience and social environment play a role – probably a key role – in development. » Tabitha Powledge has studied in depth the effects of education on personality as well as the effects of education on the force of nature. She believes that how people develop behavior depends on how they remember and learn from past experiences. “The basis of all behavior is learning and memory (Powledge, 2014). » People gain knowledge and experience through different situations that shape their character. Besides memory and learning, Powledge also focused on epigenetics in her article. “Epigenetics – how nurture shapes nature (Powledge, 2014).” A person may be born with specific function and tendencies, but upbringing shapes these tendencies into personality. She specifically described behavioral epigenetics. “Behavioral epigenetics refers to the study of how signals from the environment trigger molecular biological changes that alter what happens in brain cells (Powledge, 2014). » Basically, it is the study of external factors that change the way people think and react to different situations. Besides epigenetics, family influences also have a great influence on how a person discovers their uniqueness. The family unit does not have to be blood related, but it is the people who have the greatest influence on a person's development. A study on rats proved that parents have an effect on their children even before conception. “When male mice and rats are exposed to alcohol before mating, their offspring are less successful at discriminating spatial tasks, and they are more aggressive, take more risks, and display more anxious behavior than offspring of male mice and rats. animals exposed (Powledge, 2014). ).” Alcohol slightly damages the sperm that will fertilize a female's eggs. Illegal drugs also cause harm to future offspring. “Men exposed to cocaine have offspring with smaller brains and deficits in attention and working memory (Powledge, 2014).” The growth environment of the offspring is important from embryonic development. The mother also has a significant impact on the development of her baby's personality. If a mother is more caring towards her offspring, she is less anxious than offspring who are not fed (Powledge, 2014). If a mother is more indifferent towards her baby, the baby will be more anxious. Not only does the parental and family atmosphere affect a child's personality, but also the culture in which he or she is raised. Culture can be described as the location and habits of a particular community or country. For example, when a person is raised in a poor economic culture, they are more likely to have a higher sense of survival than someone who lives in a wealthy suburb. On a larger scale, there are many contrasting factors between Western culture and Asian culture. “In particular, people.