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Essay / Personal space and eye contact - 664
The study of personal space is important. Proxemic behavior is not only a form of self-defense, it is also part of the unconscious mind that controls behavior and interaction between humans. Personal space is essential for people because it alerts when someone is too close, which could cause harm to another. Some studies attempt to explain how proxemic behavior works and what factors can influence it. For example, previous experiments have shown that people move away more when they are in front of tall people than when they are in front of short people. This knowledge of personal space and how it works is important because it shows how to act towards each person and how close a person can be without causing discomfort. Personal space could be defined as the distance required between people when interacting with others. Hayduk (1983) describes personal space as a sensitive entity that changes depending on the situation. Therefore, when a person invades another person's personal space, the violated person comes to feel vulnerable, uncomfortable, or irritated in response to their proxemic violation. In other words, personal space is the distance necessary for interaction and it acts depending on the situation and the factors that influence it. The first factor that affects personal space is size. Previous studies indicate that proxemics is higher when people move toward tall people than toward short people. This notion is supported by Harnett, Bailey and Hartley (1974, p. 134) who demonstrated that "men and women maintained twice as much distance between themselves and the tall object person as between themselves and the object person small in size.” Nevertheless, the influence of this fac...... middle of article ......illian, G., & Nowlin, WA (1994). Cultural Awareness: An Essential Element for Doing Business Abroad, Business Horizons, 44-50. Buchanan, D.R., Goldman, M., & Juhnke, R. (1977). Eye contact, sex and violation of personal space. The Journal of Social Psychology, 103, 19-25. Evans, GW, Lepore, SJ and Allien, KM (2000). Cross-cultural differences in tolerance of crowding: fact or fiction?, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(2), 204-210Harnett, JJ, Baily, KG, & Hartley, CS (1974). Body size, position and gender as determinants of personal space. The Journal of Psychology, 87, 129-136. Hayduk, L. (1983). Personal space: where we are now. American Psychological Association, 2, 293-335. Hughes, J. and Goldman, M. (1978). Eye contact, facial expression, sex and violation of personal space. Perceptual and motor skills, 46, 579-584.