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Essay / Literature as a Vehicle for Social Criticism - 1139
With the dramatization of the historical subject of the Salem witch trials, Arthur Miller's play The Crucible (1953) presents an allegory of the McCarthy era. The Salem Witch Trials took place in Massachusetts (1692) and were based on a series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft. The play is aimed at those who lived under a repressive regime or in a society where people questioned their opinions, leading to executions and punishments. After the end of World War II, during the McCarthy era, Americans adopted the same ideology as in 1692 and launched a series of assaults against those who held communist beliefs. Although McCarthy's witch hunt did not require executions, many suffered irreparable damage to their lives, and even more so to their reputations. Miller, intelligently, manages to emphasize this aspect in his play. Additionally, it satirizes the current puritanical education system and encapsulates mass hysteria, an element that one could apply to the McCarthy era. Finally, it encompasses the great popularity of spreading rumors, which resulted in accusations. One of the aspects that Miller satirized was the puritanical education system and the biased beliefs that people adopted out of fear of the unknown. The representation of women and education present to the public the limits of the beliefs of the time. Reverend Hale is presented as an intellectually high-level specialist. During Miller's description of Hale in Act I, the audience encounters sarcastic tones in his manner of introduction. He states: “…nearly all learned men (Hale) have spent a good deal of their time in thinking about the unseen world…” (31). Miller satirizes Hale, who is reputed to have experience in witchcraft. He arrives naive and...... middle of paper ......t Sarah Good. She was one of the first women accused of witchcraft. She was still mumbling and talking under her breath. Due to the paranoia in the town, people began to spread rumors about Sarah Good, which resulted in wild accusations and executions. This gossip also replaces blame from one person to another, the Putnams claim their children died of evil spirits while Mrs. Putnam claims she "put seven unbaptized babies upon the earth" (Act I, 14 ), however, this is an easy escape. Instead of taking responsibility and blame for her children's deaths, she blames witchcraft to make up for her loss. Arthur Miller's The Crucible serves as an allegory for the McCarthy era in the United States, as a basis for satirizing and critiquing Puritan society. Miller focuses on the role of women and education, mass hysteria and the spread of rumors that resulted in the accusations..