The Eastern Desert of Egypt occupies the part of the country east of the Nile. It extends from the latitude of Cairo in the north to the Egypt-Sudan border in the south, covering an area of ​​approximately 224,000 km2. This desert is mainly made up of high, very rugged mountains parallel to the Red Sea coast. The mountains of this desert consist of crystalline igneous and metamorphic rocks of the Precambrian and constitute the basement complex of Egypt (Said, 1962). However, sedimentary rocks are found primarily on the northern (primarily limestone) and southern (primarily sandstone) fringes of the desert. The Eastern Desert Mountains are indented by well-developed drainage systems that terminate in either the Red Sea or the Nile Valley. The dissection of this desert by dense networks of valleys and ravines indicates that although the current era is a dry period, the region must have experienced some periods of humid climate in the past (Zahran and Willis, 2009). The FAO world soil map shows that the soils of the eastern desert of Egypt mainly belong to lithosols or soils of rocky origin (Beumont et al. 1988). Water resources are poor and are limited to torrential storms which occur randomly in place and time. Precipitation infiltrates through the gravel and sand deposits of stream beds (wadis) forming local underground reservoirs (Abu Al-Izz 1971). Lack of water, topography and poor soil conditions are the main limitations to maintaining traditional agriculture. However, drought-resistant vegetation or typical desert plants (xerophytes) are observed scattered along the coastal strip and in the valleys. The Egyptian Eastern Desert experiences difficult living conditions due to the hot and dry climate there. Administratively, this desert is named governor of the Red Sea... middle of paper ...... have low fertility due to the predominance of quartz grains. If aridity, topography and hot climate combine with low soil fertility, plant cover becomes rare and traditional agriculture is not suitable. However, specific vegetation, which tolerates lack of water and other environmental stresses, could grow in this region. Among the natural vegetation of the area are Acacia and Tamarix Spp. Local Bedouins depend on natural vegetation as a food and energy resource as well as for medicinal purposes. Their animals also depend on this natural flora for grazing. Furthermore, there are some local attempts to cultivate certain species dependent on groundwater, such as the FAO farm (120 south of Marsa Alam). In this farm, olive trees and henna are grown. However, lack of water near the farm has caused grazing animals to damage the vegetation grown on this farm..