I will explore the concept of childhood both in terms of sociology and social psychology, which helps us understand attitudes and behaviors from the influences of social aspects on the individual. I would also like a critical analysis of childhood from a range of sociological and historical perspectives. I will examine developmental theories to interpret children's experiences to gain a better understanding and knowledge of early childhood. Kehily (2004) suggests that a newborn is a “physical and biological reality”, born into a social and gendered environment. and an adult world full of complexity and contradictory meanings. We understand that the child state is transitory. Culture, history and adults define what childhood should be. Sociology studies the social life of the child as a simple part of the study of institutional analyzes of the household and education. Sociologists and psychologists generally view childhood as a period of life that shapes the child's preparatory mechanisms for activities so that he or she is gradually prepared to participate in daily life. Childhood is understood after the fact of effective social systems, it is treated as a residual category and combined through educational theories of socialization, Jenks, (2002). Aries, (1962), however, argued that childhood is socially and factually constructed, not biologically given. fundamentally “natural”. He also suggested that there are differences in behavior towards childhood that are observed differently in the judgments of past societies. The belief that childhood is a subject of cultural construction and differs across time and space has been discovered by a number of sociologists and anthropologists. In the Middle Ages, children were...... middle of paper ......James, A. and James, AL 2003. Constructing childhood. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Kehily, MJ 2004. An introduction to childhood studies. 2nd ed. Open University Press. Jenks, C. 2002. Childhood. London: Routledge. Beckett, C. and Taylor, H. 2010. Human growth and development. Los Angeles. Brooks-Gunn, J. and Duncan, GJ 1997. Journal issue: Children and Poverty Volume 7 Number 2 Summer/Fall 1997. Journal Issue: Children and Poverty Volume, 7 (2). Kirkpatrick, LA and Shaver, PR 1990. Attachment theory and religion: childhood attachments, religious beliefs, and conversion. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, pp. 315--334.Mitchell, P., Ziegler, F. and Mitchell, P. 2013. Foundations of developmental psychology. New York: Psychology Press. Slater, A. and Muir, D. 1999. Developmental Psychology. Blackwell Editions.