Child development refers to changes in physiology, mentality, and emotions in children from birth (or during pregnancy) through adolescence. Children rely on support from their families during this time. Only in early adolescence do children begin to develop autonomy, which is the process of forming their own identity and making their own decisions. Parents have a significant impact on children's physical and mental development during this period. They are the most available resource. They provide the material resources necessary for children to survive, such as food, water and shelter. They represent the majority of their children's socialization, particularly from birth to adolescence. They influence the mental development of children by transmitting their religious preferences, beliefs and social status. They can also create special environments to foster children's talents, such as piano lessons, sports practices, academic challenges, etc. For example, children from poor families have less access to cognitively stimulating environments, as data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth show. and the National Household Survey of Education (Corwyn and Bradley, 2000). This means that children from poor families will develop cognitively at a slower rate than children from normal or wealthy families where they have many stimulating opportunities. Besides all the positive impact that parents have on their children, depending on the parenting style, parents can establish behavioral problems such as internalizing problems (anxiety, depression) and externalizing problems (aggression and antisocial behavior ) in their children. There is ample empirical evidence from longitudinal studies that shows a link between...... middle of paper ...... denial of privilege, yelling, and spanking: ethnic differences and associations with child externalizing behavior. Parenting, 12(1), 42-56. Murray, J., Farrington, D.P., & Sekol, I. (2012). Children's antisocial behavior, mental health, drug use, and academic outcomes after parental incarceration: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 138(2), 175. Odgers, CL, Caspi, A., Russell, MA, Sampson, RJ, Arsenault, L., & Moffitt, TE (2012). Parental support mitigates growing neighborhood socioeconomic disparities in the antisocial behavior of children aged 5 to 12 years. Development and Psychopathology, 24(3), 705. Osofsky, J.D. (1999). The impact of violence on children. Children's Futures, 33-49.Rutter, M., Giller, H., & Hagell, A. (1998). Antisocial behavior of young people: a major new review. Cambridge University Press.