Carpooling became important in the United States as a rationing tactic during World War II. The character of rideshare travel has changed from a "Dagwood Bumstead" variety, in which each passenger is picked up in sequence, to a "park and ride" variety, where all travelers meet at a common location. However, recently, the Internet has facilitated the growth of carpooling and the mode of sharing commutes reached 10.7% in 2005. In 2007, with the advent of smartphones and GPS, which became commercially available, John Zimmer and Logan Green, of Cornell University and the University of California, Santa Barbara, respectively rediscovered and created a ride-sharing system called Zimride, a precursor to Lyft. The popularity of the Internet and smartphones has greatly contributed to the growth of ridesharing, allowing people to suggest and find rides through easy-to-use and reliable online transportation marketplaces. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned”? Get an Original Essay In this section, hybrid application development is discussed as the key research area and concept behind the development of this particular ride-hailing application. In recent years, the hybrid mobile application approach has become an emerging and promising alternative to the native application development approach. This approach allows developers to create a single mobile application, called a hybrid application, using web standards and distribute it consistently across multiple mobile platforms with (minimum or) no changes. A hybrid app is essentially a small website written in HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. It is different from normal websites in that it only runs in a browser's shell and has access to the native platform layer. To function as a native application, it relies on a native wrapper like Cordova. Therefore, the hybrid application is designed and coded like a website, but then it is equipped with capabilities to access the platform's native functionality. The result is a powerful alternative approach to creating mobile apps that are based on web technology but work and look like a native app. Therefore, the hybrid mobile application approach provides a mechanism to transform browser-based applications into mobile applications that could be compiled into binary executable files, downloaded from application stores to users' devices and executed at the same time. both online and offline. If users use mobile devices, the demand for applications is not only for providing web content, but also for performing more advanced functions. This leads to the emergence of mobile applications. Based on a discussion with industry professionals, Agrawal and Gill (2013) suggested that there are basically three main options available for mobile application development. The first option is to use platform-specific development tools to develop platform-specific applications. The second option is to create browser apps using HTML/jQuery and CSS. The final option is to use RAD tools to create hybrid applications with the characteristics of a web application and a native application. With the first option, using platform-specific development tools, the result is deliverynative applications. Native applications are typically coded in compiled programming languages ​​such as Java, Objective C, or C#. Native apps are often robust because they have access to device-specific features. All native apps are obtained through app stores such as Apple App Store, Google Play Store. A Hybrid App Approach 54 native application is installed directly on a device itself, is available locally and can therefore run without a network connection. With the second option using HTML/jQuery and CSS, the result is mobile web content delivery. browser application. Browser apps essentially function as websites designed with a user interface optimized for mobile devices. It is not device dependent as it is typically coded using standards-based web browser technologies such as HTML, CSS, JavaScript, PHP (Lutes, 2012) rather than compiled programming languages. Although it works like a native app, a browser app does not need to be downloaded or installed on a device. The mobile device's web browser invokes it via a designated URL. Therefore, an internet connection is required to run it. The last option is hybrid application development. This type of application leverages the features of both a native application and a mobile web application. Like a mobile web app, it is written in HTML, CSS, JavaScript, or PHP, but it is compiled into a native app for distribution through vendor app stores. From a user perspective, there is little difference between a native app and a hybrid app. As long as the device has a web browser, a hybrid app can work like a native app. From a developer's perspective, a hybrid app is truly cross-platform. There are many benefits to using the hybrid mobile app approach. Hybrid mobile apps allow developers to use standardized web technologies like HTML5, CSS3, and JavaScript codename one. In hybrid mobile apps, developers also include the ability to pass all service requests to the platform's API. This part requires the use of a hybrid development framework (e.g. Apache Cordova, ionic framework, etc.) to provide a native wrapper to contain the web code, and a generic JavaScript API to bind all service requests from the web . -code based on the corresponding platform API. It is the native wrapper that allows hybrid mobile applications to be packaged, deployed and distributed across multiple platforms. Therefore, the hybrid application approach is not practical without the existence of the frameworks. Among the most prominent frameworks are those that embrace HTML5, CSS, and JavaScript, as they allow developers to create cross-platform hybrid mobile apps with a native look and feel, but do not require the use of Java and Objective C, or C# . This is the key factor in making the hybrid mobile app approach the fastest and easiest way to start building cross-platform mobile apps using only common web languages ​​like HTML5, CSS, and JavaScript. Additionally, these frameworks also allow developers to maximize the impact of their coding efforts by applying the “Write Once, Run Anywhere” (WORA) concept. In simple terms, developers could develop the app like a regular browser app with responsive features provided by thehybrid mobile application frameworks. Access to native hardware components such as the camera, notification function or local storage is achieved by native JavaScript APIs. The application could then be compiled into platform-specific native packages and is ready for use on a mobile device or distribution on app stores. This is perhaps the most important reason for the rapid growth of hybrid mobile apps compared to that of native apps. The urgency of strong HTML5 mobile UI/UX frameworks is another driver for such rapid adoption of the hybrid app approach. Some of the top 10 hybrid HTML5 UI/UX mobile app frameworks in the market today include Ionic, Onsen UI, Intel XDK, Sencha Touch, Kendo UI, Frame-work 7, jQuery Mobile suite, Mobile Angular UI, Famo. us and Monaco. Since reviewing these frameworks is beyond the scope of this article, we would like to focus our discussion primarily on the Ionic framework. The reason is that Ionic framework is the most developed framework and we are familiar with it while developing our hybrid mobile app for demonstration purposes. The fundamental principle of the hybrid mobile application framework and why we chose to develop the ride sharing application as a hybrid application is that almost everyone spent, is and will spend their computing time in the browser. The browser exists not only on desktops and laptops, but also increasingly on smartphones and tablets. The obvious advantages of hybrid apps over native apps are: cross-platform support, write code once and run anywhere, and access to third-party code. As described in this article, hybrid application development frameworks can be an alternative to the native approach and this is a remarkable turning point. With the success of hybrid frameworks such as Ionic, this could mark the end of the dominance of native apps and trigger a rapid rise of hybrid apps. Due to their ease of use and web-based advantages for working across multiple platforms, hybrid application development frameworks would likely pave the way for a mainstream approach. More and more people would use it to create hybrid applications. With the global adoption of hybrid apps, it is likely that mobile app development will be disrupted by moving from a native to a hybrid approach. Hybrid applications would become more and more powerful as web technology continues to advance. With more features, hybrid apps would work like native apps and even better in some cases. As mobile devices have now become centers of mobile work, learning and entertainment, more cross-platform applications will be in demand. The Hybrid Mobile Applications Framework enables anyone, including non-technical students, to learn, acquire and develop the skills needed to meet the anticipated demand for hybrid applications. For those with an entrepreneurial mindset, the hybrid mobile app framework allows even non-technical developers to contribute and participate in creating more innovative mobile apps. Over the past two years, a lot of progress has been made in the market for app development platforms and mobile app tools. A few years ago, it took a team of highly skilled mobile developers and designers to create an app and, often, the appwas created from scratch in a sophisticated integrated development environment. However, today, non-technical developers can access many types of tools that allow them to build and launch applications faster than ever. Codename One is a good example of this. More importantly, the hybrid mobile app development framework can now deliver cross-platform apps that will allow developers to reach more users from any web-based mobile device. While the advent of hybrid mobile application framework opens a great opportunity for developers to design and build cross-platform applications, it also provides access to IT instructors to explore and teach advanced web design and mobile application development hybrids to non-technical students. In the past, the native app approach required steep learning curves, required a high level of technical coding skills, and highly technical SDK knowledge. As a result, most courses covering mobile application development have been offered in computer science and engineering departments. However, the hybrid application approach reduces the learning curve and provides tools to bypass the need for coding and the use of SDKs. Therefore, it is possible to teach mobile app development using the hybrid app approach to non-technical students. The advancement of hybrid framework in general and the growing acceptance of open source framework such as Ionic in particular are helping to open more doors to mobile app development for non-technical students. I chose to build the mobile app using hybrid development rather than using a normal website that runs on a website for the following reasons. . Better personalization is offered by mobile applications, the flexibility to display and send notifications, make the most of the device's built-in capabilities, the ability to work offline, the ability to create an experience design Mobile friendly user, the ability of mobile apps to run faster than websites. , Provides a branding opportunity for applications. With increasing environmental concerns and road congestion, carpooling has gained popularity when it comes to eco-friendly and cheap means of transportation. Carpooling is when two or more people share a ride in one of their personal cars. Carpooling reduces pollution since we have fewer cars on the roads. It is also economical since travel costs are shared between the runners. There are also serious traffic problems on the roads these days and rising fuel prices are making the condition worse. In addition, the use of vehicles causes pollution which has harmful effects on our environment. Ridesharing is a solution to this problem, but issues such as safety and trust can arise. The solution to this problem is the mobile carpooling system. The Carpool system would allow its user to share cars safely. This could include both short daily commutes such as commuting to work in the city and also long intercity commutes. The proposed project carpooling system is a dynamic system based on two underlying information sources: which includes the user's route announcement and the route. selection and registration by passengers. The user who goestraveling with his car will mention the source and destination as well as the route he has chosen. It will also mention the capacity of the vehicle. The user (passenger) who finds the path according to his request can register for the trip. The carpooling system has a detailed step-by-step registration system. This is a great application and development for the modern world, but it itself faces some problems as an application and as a mode of transportation. Some of the challenges faced include: Flexibility – Ridesharing may struggle to be flexible enough to accommodate route stops or changes in work schedules/patterns. A survey identified this as the most common reason for not carpooling. Reliability – If a rideshare network does not have a “critical mass” of participants, it may be difficult to find a connection for certain trips. The parties will not necessarily follow through on the agreed route. Several Internet ride-sharing marketplaces address this problem by implementing paid online passenger booking, charged even if passengers do not show up. Riding with strangers – Concerns about safety have been a barrier to sharing a vehicle with strangers, even though in reality the risk of crime is small. One of the remedies used by Internet ride-sharing systems is reputation systems that flag problem users and allow responsible users to build trust. Such systems significantly increase the value of the website to the user community. Overall Effectiveness – Although carpooling is officially sanctioned by most governments, including the construction of lanes specifically for carpooling, some doubts remain about the overall effectiveness of carpool lanes. The project aims to address challenges and produce solutions to current issues such as environmental issues and migration from native to hybrid. application easy to access, acquire and use regardless of the level of computer know-how, traffic jams on our roads and most urban cities, especially in Kenya and the rest of the world, this in turn highlights the benefits and solutions that will be provided against other different applications, the main one being cost, namely: Carpooling helps you save money: You can save money on fuel and others by driving up fuel prices among your rideshare passengers. The more people you have, the more you can save. The rideshare app also helps you save on vehicle repair and maintenance costs by rotating vehicle usage among your rideshare team members. Plus, everyone can save money on traffic costs, because with more carpooling there are fewer cars on the road and therefore less wear and tear and damage to the roads that need to be repaired every year with taxpayers' money. Carpooling helps the environment: Carpooling reduces the number of cars and vehicles on the road. Fewer cars mean there are fewer emissions of CO2 and other polluting gases. This preserves the environment by keeping the air, water and land cleaner. It's good for you: According to many health reports and research, the air pollution caused can increase health problems such as asthma, allergies, lung cancer, etc. So, by using carpooling, you can really contribute to the well-being of your society as well as that of your environment. Carpooling..