The Vietnam War began in 1954, after Ho Chi Minh, who was a communist leader in North Vietnam, rose to power. The leader was spreading communism, and because the United States wanted to stop this spread, it sent military troops to help the South Vietnamese end this vice. The war saw around 3 million people die, including 58,000 American soldiers. Around 150,000 people were injured during the war. In 1975, the South Vietnamese government abandoned the war after communist forces forced it to surrender. Vietnam unified communism and became a socialist republic. Although decades have passed since the start of the Vietnam War, American culture, born in part from that war, is celebrated today. President Johnson faced great hostility from the public and the military for wanting to escalate the war. war. Subsequently, he decided that it was time to end the war, and in 1969, Richard Nixon became the new president of the United States. President Nixon planned how to end the war because he saw what it did to the American people. The plan to end the war would mean the end of U.S. involvement. The plan presented by President Nixon was called Vietnamization. This was the process of withdrawing American troops from Vietnam and returning the fight to the South Vietnamese. The withdrawal of American troops began in 1969. To end the era of hostility more quickly, President Nixon decided to expand the scope of action. war in other countries such as Cambodia and Laos. This decision led to an increase in protests, particularly in American colleges and universities. Peace talks began to end the brutality and war in 1969, and in 1973 the United States, middle of paper, of the head of state in times of combat, was formed. Negative effects include the effects of PTSD, which veterans suffered from. The death of people and soldiers during the war also had a negative effect. Since the end of the war, every American has understood their rights, as stipulated in the Constitution. Works Cited Beattie, K. (1998). The scar that binds: American culture and the Vietnam War. New York: New York University Press. Daum, AW, Gardner, LC and Mausbach, W. (2003). America, the Vietnam War, and the World: Comparative and International Perspectives. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Hagopian, P. (2009). The Vietnam War in American Memory: Veterans, Memorials, and the Politics of Healing. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press. Hall, M.K. (2009). Vietnam War Period: People and Perspectives. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO.