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  • Essay / The Dark Turn of Science: Joint Work of Von Verschuer and Mengele

    The fruits of eugenics began with Francis Galton. The term "good creation" was created to produce an elite group based on genetics. The Nazis viewed the demographic problem as a biological problem, particularly for Jewish and Gypsy populations. The Nazi transformation of the medical system relied on the sterilization of those who were to produce, which included the above population as well as the mentally ill. Many medical researchers were fans of these sterilization techniques. One of them was Otmar Von Verscheur who often denied marriages of the Jewish population, stating that they were improper and should be sterilized. At the start of Hitler's regime, it was due to mental instability. However, von Versheur and Mengele were encouraged to sterilize, particularly in their joint work in concentration camps. Although von Versheur did not personally work in the concentration camp, he and Mengele worked on genetic differences between these populations and on studies of twins. These will be the experiences most highlighted in this article. Otmar von Vershuer and Josef Mengele played a role in controlling the "non-elite" population, emphasizing the differences in the superiority of the German race, but they also provided research to achieve popular unanimity. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned”? Get the original essay At the start of Adolf Hitler's reign, science took a dark turn during a period that lasted from 1933 to 1945. This obscure science focused on racial biology, particularly how to define genetics to encourage the genetic gap between Germans and "others." World War I led to a trend of anti-Semitism and racial diversity in Germany, as non-Germans were seen as the cause of their loss of the war because of the stereotype of stabbing them in the back. Since genetics has highlighted the difference between races, it could be a solution to control and eliminate the disabled from society in order to create the perfect German race. The Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Anthropology, Human Genetics and Eugenics was appointed scientific lead for this investigation. In 1940, Otmar Von Verschuer joined the Nazi Party, but he long supported the violent anti-Semitism of the Nazis. His work gained notoriety in 1932 thanks to his invasive research on Jewish twins. During his lectures on the subject, he often referred to the Jewish people not only as inferior, but as a race alien to the Germans, like African-Americans, Gypsies or Mongols. In fact, von Versheur firmly believed that man could shape the future. His first project at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute highlighted the racial biology of Jews. The project aimed to determine differences between Ashkenazi Jews and Caucasian non-Jews in genes leading to genetic diseases or cancer. Von Versheur guaranteed that genetic difference explains the behavior of the Jewish community, often called Jewish. Von Versheur and the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute called this a danger for the German people. Von Versheur gave the government the propaganda necessary to mark former Jewish citizens as outcasts and segregation was a necessary starting point for the good of the people. In 1937, von Versheur was the head of another eugenics research project at the Frankfurt Institute, a collaborator with the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute in using science to justify Nazi policies. After theBy World War I, the French occupation force was abundant in many parts of Germany and often had children with German citizens. Von Versheur analyzed the genes of presumed illegitimate children, suspected because of their darker coloring. If they were found to be genetically illegitimate, they would be sterilized. This is the beginning of the sterilization methods used by Verscheur and Mengele in their experiments. Also, in 1937, Versehur was responsible for numerous cases dealing with the paternity of half-Jews. He testified that many people were imprisoned for deceiving the German people with the idea of ​​a non-Jewish father. In a case involving Germany's genetic health court system, they ruled that a gypsy woman who wanted to marry a German man was fit to marry. However, Von Versheur appealed on the grounds that as a Gypsy she was of feeble mind and should be sterilized, as well as placed in a mental institution for insinuating such beliefs. Von Versheur fought for the law to sterilize all Gypsies, which qualified his obscure science as legal in the eyes of the state. In 1942, von Versheur became director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute. With this new power, he began his in-depth studies of the twins. Initially, he began to determine the difference in blood types between twins based on clotting factors. The study being a blood group analysis, provided that the identical twins contain the same blood type. The subject of these twin studies was the Gypsies, a group of people of whom von Versheur was one of the principal men in stripping them of their autonomy for its use in obscure science. It is not surprising that von Versehur was Josef Mengele's mentor for much of Versheur's early life. Mengele's work advanced the level of scientific curiosity with Mengele's work in the concentration camps. Mengele's role in the concentration camps was to eliminate the Jewish race. Von Versheur and Mengele collaborated on their work to determine the genetic differences of the Jewish and Gypsy populations in resistance to various infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis and typhoid/typhus. Concentration camps were the ideal environment for these scientists because they could do whatever they wanted with these prisoners because their deaths were the solution to the Jewish epidemic. Mengele carried out many illegal experiments outside the protection of science and outside von Versheur's knowledge. Documents were found regarding his illegal activities that demonstrated his horrific scientific curiosity about torture. On June 1, 1943, the cultured virus germ that caused animal deaths was contaminated by prisoners, to determine whether the same response would occur in humans. The same results occurred with prisoners dying of fatal fevers. A year later, on May 19, 1944, to determine if oxygen levels had any effect on a new fever serum. Jewish prisoners were experimented with light oxygen and no oxygen. Mengele tortured the Jewish prisoners with very little oxygen for 30 minutes, until they stopped breathing. In many cases, the most severe cyanosis produced foam coming out of the prisoner's mouth. In the autopsy report, the spinal cord was severed and the brain was removed. The result was significant subarachnoid edema in the brain due to loss of oxygen. Air was trapped in the veins and arteries of the brain, leading to the death of many prisoners. Those who were considered Jewish criminals because of their history ofinterracial relationships were subjected to cooling experiments where they were forced underwater and free air into the ventricles of the brain caused air embolisms in these prisoners. Many of these prisoners wore heavy helmets and uniforms underwater, and in retrospect, after the embolism, the brainstem could be found protruding above the water. Additionally, prisoners were placed underwater under narcotics where their body heat decreased until death. Mengele's experiment is narrated by his slave assistant, Nyiszli. Those with bodily abnormalities were examined by Nyiszli and then taken down for further dissection. The bones of the corpses were sent to von Versheur for further study. On May 22, 1944, fourteen Gypsy twins were taken to his room, ordered to be undressed, injected with chloroform to be put into a deep sleep, medically raped, and injected with chloroform into the left ventricle of the heart. be easily killed for dissection. Fourteen girls were taken because he believed his assistants could dissect that many bodies in a day, the only reason the fate of many gypsy twins was saved was because the assistants could only handle four bodies per day for precise work . These girls' organs were coated in alcohol and sent to von Versheur for his own research into twin studies. On January 29, 1943, many Gypsies sent to Auschwitz were first taken to Mengele's laboratory. Genetic defects became a personal project for von Verushe, as well as for Mengele. The prevalence of heterochromatic eyes among German Gypsies could easily be studied within the camp. These eye abnormalities were sent to von Versheur, where he determined the hereditary malformations through the genes that synthesize enzymes that disrupt eye pigment in the retina. Back at the concentration camp, those with eye abnormalities were encouraged to be killed so that their eyes could be collected for scientific purposes. Mengele experimented with implanting blue eye color on gypsy twins, which often resulted in blindness and, in turn, they were killed. Possibly remaining alive or headed to the gas chamber, many parents convinced the Nazis that children with similar characteristics were twins or that their children had "unique eyes." Therefore, this racial biology experiment was wildly inaccurate. When other organs were returned, as well as the eyes, to von Versheur, he analyzed them and discovered that the Jewish race is less susceptible to tuberculosis than the German race. A population that contains NRAMP1 is precisely more susceptible to tuberculosis, but it must be admitted that for his hypothesis, von Versheur used the early work of Professor Emil Abderhalden. These defense enzymes contained proteases that were specified in the assembly of infectious diseases. Von Versheur built his argument on the hypothesis that the specified type or number of enzymes differentiated the races of the Jewish and German people. Toward the end of 1943, von Versheur began testing monozygotic and dizygotic twins for tuberculosis. The disparities in TB with dizygotic, but not monozygotic, twins were clearly apparent. So, in 1944, Mengele began the same project to determine the results of his research. He focused his tuberculosis research on the racial differentiation between Eastern and Western Jews. Jews in the East and West received the same amount of typhus injections. Western Jews have shown themselves to be very.