Herpes simplex is a common virus that causes infection in humans. This virus spreads among humans as well as animals. However, humans are the main reservoir of HSV and are the only ones to show symptoms. There are two types of herpes simplex called HSV-1 and HSV-2. HSV-1 primarily causes oral herpes, while HSV-2 causes genital herpes.1 This virus is easily acquired and often during childhood. Unfortunately, this virus is latent and reappears from time to time, especially in times of stress. Herpes simplex is a mild infection for the most part, however, this virus can cause many serious complications. Characteristics and transmission. Herpes simplex originates from the herpesviridae family. It is a DNA virus that has a lipid bilayer envelope with glycoprotein spikes when active.2 HSV contains a capsid that contains capsomeres, a tegument (which initiates replication), and a genome. 3 In its latent form, HSV does not have a coating to remain dormant on the trigeminal nerve ganglion.1 However, this does not mean that the person is no longer affected; the virus can still reactivate. Since the virus remains in neural tissue, it can invade and destroy the brain. HSV-1 is spread through saliva and direct contact, such as kissing, sharing cooking utensils, sharing drinks, or sharing personal items. Children often contract the virus by kissing their parents and coming into contact with other children. HSV-2 is transmitted through sexual intercourse. HSV must be carried by body fluids (saliva, pus, semen, vaginal fluid) to infect cells.3 The virus is transmitted through the body's mucous membranes or through an open wound and has an incubation period of 2 to 12 days.4Virulence factors and pathog mechanism...... middle of paper ......to be reproduced.4 Other antivirals that affect HSV are valacyclovir and famiciclovir. For cold sores, acyclovir is not as effective as valacyclovir.7 However, acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famiciclovir are all equally effective for recurrent genital herpes.7 The use of antivirals is most effective when used within 72 hours of onset. In immunocompromised people, the virus has been found to be resistant to acyclovir.7 Unfortunately, these antivirals only act on the active version and do not act against the latent virus. This means that the host will always be infected.Conclusion. Herpes simplex is a virus that many people contract as children. It can cause painful and itchy sores to form on the mouth or genitals. Most of the time, they only cause discomfort to the host. However, in rare cases it can be life threatening..