Sleep is a part of the daily routine that is vital for a person to function properly throughout the day. Without a sufficient amount of sleep or problems sleeping, a person might have more difficulty concentrating and functioning throughout the day. There are two main categories of sleep disorders: dyssomnias and parasomnias. • Dyssomnia is more focused on conflict when trying to sleep or stay awake. This may include waking up throughout the night, falling asleep suddenly during the day, or not breathing for a while while sleeping. There are different variants of dyssomnia: o Insomnia is the most common form of dyssomnia. This is when a person has trouble falling asleep, wakes up throughout the night, or wakes up too early in the morning. Different causes of insomnia can be stress or anxiety before bed, or something as simple as not being in a comfortable environment to sleep. More serious cases are usually classified with other medical or mental disorders. Treatments for insomnia are usually prescription medications such as Xanax or Lunesta for short-term use. o Another more serious form of dyssomnia is narcolepsy. Narcolepsy occurs when a person feels the unexpected need to sleep during normal hours in order to be awake during the day. People who have narcolepsy usually fall asleep suddenly when doing something active, such as walking or driving, having extreme muscle weakness, or being unable to move at all during an attack. The exact causes or treatments for narcolepsy are unknown, except that taking a long nap during the day or taking antidepressants might reduce the frequency of sudden attacks. o Another serious form of dyssomnia is sleep apnea. It is characterized by the inability to breathe momentarily during sleep, then breathing suddenly to catch one's breath. Causes of sleep apnea can be blocked airways or the brain's inability to send signals to the diaphragm. There are a number of treatments for sleep apnea, such as exercising and losing and maintaining weight if necessary, avoiding drinking alcohol, sleeping on the side of the body, or using machines to maintain sleep apnea. open airways.• Parasomnia is the other major aspect of sleep disorders. . These are unusual disturbances during sleep rather than conflicts in trying to sleep or stay awake. o Nightmares and night terrors are two forms of parasomnias. Nightmares normally occur near the end of the sleep cycle, while night terrors occur earlier in the sleep cycle..