INTRODUCTIONAs bonobos are very similar in appearance to chimpanzees, with both species sharing almost 99% of their DNA equally with humans, they possess many human qualities. Bonobos also possess different physical qualities than chimpanzees, generally being darker and skinnier. Bonobo society is generally led by females with a peaceful streak, which makes them different from most of their related species. Their etymology tells us that their scientific name is Pan paniscus, of the genus Pan (Balcombe 2011). Although bonobos were once known as pygmy chimpanzees, there is speculation as to the origin of this name. Some believe the name describes their unusual small size compared to chimpanzees, while others derive it from the area in which they live which is also populated by pygmy peoples (Groves 2005).BEHAVIORBeing small is not the only attribute that makes the bonobo unique. They are generally known for their behavior as a society: social, sexual-social, diet, tranquility and similarity to humans (Groves 2005). According to Frans de Waal, a Dutch primatologist and ethologist, bonobos can understand and feel a range of emotions, including patience, kindness, sensitivity, compassion and altruism. In addition to their ability to feel these emotions, bonobo society is known to be a “gynecocracy,” meaning it is primarily ruled by women (de Waal 2013). In this primate society, female bonobos tend to occupy higher social ranks than males. . This doesn't happen often when there is an aggressive encounter between both sexes. Social hierarchies within bonobo society exist but do not play a prominent role compared to other related primate societies. Males within society tend to... middle of paper ...... bitats have contributed to bonobo poaching as well as deforestation. Although the true size of the bonobo population is relatively unknown, it has been in decline for thirty years. Researchers conclude that the decline will continue over the next forty-five to fifty years. This is especially true due to low reproduction rates and increasing threats to bonobos (Palagi 2013). CONCLUSION Many measures are being taken to help conserve the bonobo population. Many organizations create communities to promote habitat protection, support law enforcement, and monitor the slow growth of bonobo populations. Since the bonobo is the second closest species to humans, organizations like the World Wide Fund for Nature are leading multiple efforts to raise awareness and promote conservation of this endangered species..