IntroductionCadmium (Cd) toxicity is one of the most harmful heavy metal contaminations which could seriously affect the environment in several ways and in turn affect the living population in this environment. This can, however, be due to various issues such as environmental disturbance or human activity. Cadmium is classified as a Class D heavy metal, meaning it “has no known biological function and can be toxic even in small amounts.” This highly toxic water-soluble heavy metal is a byproduct during mining, extraction, or the removal of impurities from ores containing copper, lead, and zinc. One of the well-known disasters in history is the cadmium contamination in Thailand due to man-made zinc mining. It is a topic that has been discussed due to its significant impact on the affected lands and its influence on human health. A number of treatment/removal plans have been introduced for cadmium contamination, such as phytoremediation (using plants to remove heavy metal contamination from soil). “However, effective treatment depends on the use of an appropriate cadmium hyperaccumulating plant adapted to its growth under local environmental conditions” (Phaenark et al., 2009). Environmental effects of cadmium Mae Sot district in Tak province, located in the northwestern part of Thailand, is famous for its rice-based crops. Unfortunately, due to nearby zinc mines, the soils in these areas have resulted in cadmium contamination affecting rice grains and other food products grown in the area. Crops planted in these soils can potentially lead to Cd accumulation and possibly death of the plant due to Cd poisoning. According to food safety standards in Thailand, "a suitable medium of paper...... has. Conditions such as chronic kidney failure, tubular dysfunction, and lung disease can be very fatal but are unfortunately one of the few consequences of cadmium exposure. Zinc mines have not only contaminated crops but also the waters downstream of these mines. Marine life therefore accumulates elements of this very toxic heavy metal, poisoning the rest of the food chain. Steps to control cadmium contamination can be taken to reduce cadmium exposure, but only to a certain limit, as most cleanup approaches can be quite expensive. The government's ban on fishing in these waters was one of the first approaches taken to reduce exposure. Other measures for example, phytoremediation may be a solution, but a very expensive solution. A number of plant species have been shown to be Cd hyperaccumulators..