Individualism explains poverty through causal explanations, all of which are specified by an individual's behavior. It highlights that the people most vulnerable to poverty are: people from single mother families; the old man; young; women; those who become parents at a young age; the unemployed and those with poor education and/or life experience. Individualism asserts that these people are at risk of becoming vulnerable to poverty due to poor behavior. These individuals are likely to exhibit self-destructive and counterproductive behavior. At the extreme end of this theory, it turns to a biological explanation suggesting that these people have "programmed" traits that limit their socio-economic achievements. The poor would have a lower IQ. Simply put, individualism explains poverty as a series of poor decisions and behaviors exhibited by those believed to be vulnerable (Brady: