The cost of the war was approximately $11 billion in the 1991 budget. Despite the Bush administration's claims of the success of the war on drugs thanks to the investigations, the war on drugs and the policy of repression that it entailed were a failure. These surveys where people voluntarily provided information about drug use were not an ideal way to collect accurate information.12 In fact, the emergence of contrary information came into conflict with these claims. Drawing on objective data from the 1990s, Senator Joseph Biden's Judiciary Committee found that cocaine-related deaths had increased 10 percent since 1988; occasional cocaine use by "hardcore addicts" also increased by 15 percent.13 According to the National Household Survey, the daily cocaine-using population increased from 292,000 in 1988 to 336,000 just two years later . According to Washington, D.C. police, drug-positive urine samples increased from 10 percent in October 1990 to 26 percent in July 1991. In just a few months between March and July, the heroin-related prison population increased from 7 to 7 percent. 17