The agreement between Leibniz's monadology and observed phenomenaReading Gottfried Leibniz's "Monadology", I was struck by how his explanation of the structure of the world physics agrees with phenomena observed in science, mathematics and nature. I will begin by showing the agreement between Leibniz and science. Second, I will show its agreement with mathematics. Finally, and using the two previous arguments, I will show Leibniz's agreement with observations of nature. Throughout the history of science, research into physical objects has shown that they are divisible into portions of ever decreasing size. Biologists have discovered that living organisms are made up of cells. They then discovered that cells contain organelles. Over the years, it was eventually discovered that atoms are the last building blocks of living creatures. Chemists and physicists have discovered that all matter is made up of atoms. Atoms, on the other hand, were found to be composed of a positively charged core and a negatively charged shell. The nucleus was later shown to consist of protons and neutrons. The negatively charged layer was shown to be composed of electrons. It was more recently discovered that these small, seemingly indivisible particles were composed of even smaller particles, quarks and leptons. These newly discovered particles each have many varieties, or “flavors.” Alongside these tiny pieces of matter are also other particles: photons, muons, mesons, bosons, gluons, etc. Even these particles have subtypes and varieties. As if that weren't enough, quarks and leptons are suspected to have even smaller components. “Where does this all end?” an exasperated reader might ask. Most physicists will admit that they have nothing in common: dualism and unity at the same time. This may seem contradictory, but it is easily demonstrated by an example: light and darkness are dual, that is to say they are separate and opposed, but they are also unified in the sense that they cannot exist one without the other. Light is not light without darkness and vice versa. It is only by comparison with the other that it is possible to conceive of both. There are many examples from human experience: night and day, matter and void, good and evil, heat and cold, order and chaos, infinite divisibility and self-similarity . I think this is the essence of the universe, an opposition and a unity at the same time. That's why I feel like Leibniz had a good understanding of what's going on. He understood, at least in part, these contradictions and agreements. Although he may not have been entirely right, he got off to a good start.