Summary and Application of Errors Errors are used in many business applications. Companies use them to promote their products, reduce profits and avoid customer losses. Politicians constantly use misconceptions to attack their opponents and change the subject when pressure is put on them for things they have done in the past. This article will discuss three different types of fallacies and how companies and individuals use amphibolia, false analogies, and ad hominem to sell their products or opinions. Amphibolia is a fallacy that uses vague statements to lead people to draw false conclusions. Claritin is an antihistamine used to relieve allergies. Before August 1997, Claritin advertisements showed a woman running in a field with an announcer declaring "Clear weather at last" and "It's time to see your doctor." Not once were the benefits or dangers of the drug mentioned. People would then think, “I wish I had clear weather.” I should call my doctor.” This led people to call their doctors to ask if they needed Claritin or one of the other medications to have a clear day. Pharmaceutical companies did this because before 1997, an advertisement could be made with the name of the drug, but as long as the benefits were not mentioned, the side effects were not necessary either. Fortunately, in 1997, the FDA changed the law. Sometimes companies use false analogies to trick people into believing that what they are buying is better or something completely different from what they are buying. Not all false analogies are mentioned; some false analogies can be used through animation or art. During World War II, Saab built airplanes for the war effort and after the war their projects were not in demand, so they turned to automobiles. In Saab's latest commercials, a car is seen driving on an isolated strip of land when a group of fighter jets fly overhead at low altitude. The announcer then proclaims: "When you built fighter jets, you didn't just build another car." At no point does the trade indicate how the car differs from other cars. It is up to the viewer to associate the planes with the car and infer that since the company has built high-performance planes, it can build a high-performance car. While the fact that engineers were able to integrate their knowledge of airplane design into automobiles is encouraging, it in no way gives them the right to claim that their cars are better because of it...