Following the widespread use of chemical weapons, the Geneva Convention was adopted in 1925 to establish the rules of warfare. One of the regulations called for stopping the use of chemical and biological warfare. Unfortunately, many countries would violate this document in order to gain an advantage over their adversaries. The biological weapons programs of Japan, the Soviet Union, and the United States are just a few in the world, each committed to its own goal. These are the countries that will see the history of their weapons programs told in this article. The Japanese would begin their major biological weapons experiments in 1935 after the Japanese invasion of China. This is where Unit 731 was founded, in the forests of Pingfang. The program was led by General Shirō Ishii after his preliminary experiments showed promise a few years before. Some of the experiments involved injecting Chinese subjects with diseases such as cholera and typhoid and studying their reactions. The “logs,” as doctors called them, would be dissected while they were alive. Diseases were also spread by the Japanese through rice and wheat filled with fleas infected with bubonic plague (Watts). This practice was the cause of the plague epidemic near Ningbo in 1940. However, the death toll was not extraordinarily high, with 106 victims. There was a repeat of this attack on Jinhua. The difference with this attack was that the Chinese were prepared for it. Pellets dropped from planes were swept from the streets and collected for study at local hospitals. It was in these hospitals that we discovered what was happening to people. The death toll from this attack was kept at single digits (Keiichi)...... middle of paper ...... ended, as did war reserve service. The War Reserve Service would be closed in 1946; it would not be the end of the United States' biological weapons program. With the end of the war came the trials of Axis war criminals, it was then that the United States would begin the next step in biological weapons engineering. The Americans managed to reach an agreement with Ishii, leader of Unit 731, in which he and his team would receive immunity for the loss of his years of work testing biological weapons on human subjects. This decision, as previously reported, was heavily criticized by all countries victimized by Ishii's cruel and unusual testing procedures. With the start of the Korean War, the American government was confronted with a delicate subject. They feared that the communist biological program was involved in the turmoil..