Biological positivism has both its strengths and weaknesses, it has changed the path of criminological ideas and opened new theories based on scientific facts rather than philosophical ideas like in classicism. He also emphasized the importance of examining the genetic makeup of individuals, as did Brunners' research on the extra "Y" chromosome, which led to the idea that genetic defects in a family can cause abnormal behavior. , as well as studies on twins and adoptions which showed a correlation between genetics and criminality. As part of more modern approaches, researchers then began to focus more on the brain and biochemical factors such as brain dysfunction and chemical imbalances. These explanations showed the enormous impact that these problems had on an individual's behavior and thought processes. This essay will also address the weaknesses of these theories. It will examine the nature/nurture debate and how most theories fail to take into account the social and environmental factors that contribute to an individual's behavior. It will also examine the idea of ​​“determinism” (Lombroso, 1876), the idea that people have absolutely no control over their actions and therefore should not be punished, but rather treated. Until the 19th century, classical ideas dominated the world. how people viewed crime. However, in the late 19th century, a new form of “scientific criminology” emerged called positivism (Newburn, 2007). Positivism looked at the biological factors of why someone would commit a crime, this involved looking at a person's physical attributes, genetic makeup and biochemical factors. In the 1800s, Cesare Lombroso (1835-1909), an Italian criminologist, wrote in his book L'Uomo Delinquente (187...... middle of paper ......al Theory. Plymouth: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, IncBrill, E (1986) Explaining Criminal Behavior.Brown, S & Esbensen, F & Geis, G,. Criminology, Explaining Crime and Its Context 7th edition. Studies on Twins and Adoption. Rhee, Soo Hyun, Irwin D. Psychological Bulletin, Vol 128(3), May 2002, 490-529. M., ABA Journal, Vol. 83 Issue 7, p20, 1 Chart.Newburn, T (2007) Criminology: Willan Publishing. 2007) Understanding Criminology. 3rd ed. Berkshire: Open University PressPlomin, R & Asbury, K. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, July 2005; flight. 600, 1:pp.86-98.