It is known that there are biological differences between men and women. This leads us to wonder if there are personality differences as well. Studies have been done to determine whether there are personality trait differences in terms of temperament and culture as well. Studies have been done to show differences in temperament between the sexes. Else-Quest, Hyde, Goldsmith, and Van Hulle (2006) used meta-analytic techniques to estimate gender differences in children aged 3 months to 13 years along 35 dimensions and 3 temperament factors. The three main factors used to present the results of the studies were identified by Shiner and Caspi (2003): effortful control, negative affectivity and urgency. The overall goal of the study was to determine the magnitude of gender differences in temperament dimensions and to identify modifiers that might be responsible for these gender differences. The effortful control factor is composed of attention regulations, inhibitory control and perceptual sensitivity (Else-Quest et al., 2006). Regarding intensive control, the factor itself and nine other dimensions were examined. Else-Quest et al. (2006) states that “the dimensions included distractibility and persistence of approach behavioral style; attention paid by a criterion-referenced approach; and concentration of attention, attention shifting, inhibitory control, interest, low intensity pleasure and perceptual sensitivity from the psychobiological approach” (page #). Sex differences in effortful control were very large (Else-Quest et al., 2006). Sex differences in attention, attention focus, and low-intensity pleasure were significant but small (Else-Quest et al., 2006). Attention shifting and perceptual sensitivity displayed a small ...... middle of paper ...... Differences depend on context (Hyde 2005). We cannot assume that a gender difference is a social construct. Works Cited Costa, P. r., Terracciano, A. and McCrae, RR (2001). Gender differences in personality traits across cultures: Robust and surprising results. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81(2), 322-331. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.81.2.322 Davies, AC & Shackelford, TK (2006). An evolutionary psychological perspective on gender similarities and differences. American Psychologist, 61(6), 640-641. Else-Quest, N.M., Hyde, J., Goldsmith, H., & Van Hulle, C.A. (2006). Gender differences in temperament: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 132(1), 33-72. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.132.1.33Feingold, A. (1994). Gender differences in personality: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 116(3), 429-456. do I:10.1037/0033-2909.116.3.429