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Essay / Cost-Effectiveness Analysis in Health - 1862
IntroductionCost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) is a form of economic analysis that compares the relative costs and outcomes/effects of two or more scenarios. CEA is generally expressed as a ratio, where the denominator is a health gain using a natural unit of measurement (years of life, cases of influenza avoided, etc.) and the numerator is the cost associated with that health gain . Most clinical studies express health gains in terms of disease-specific measures, such as the number of heart attacks avoided or cases of the flu avoided. Although this is useful for specific treatments related to these health conditions, these measurements do not allow comparisons between diseases. To solve this problem, the concept of quality-adjusted life years. The National Health Service (NHS) provides preventative medicine, primary care, and hospital services, and residents of the United Kingdom can use NHS health care for virtually nothing except some co-payments for prescriptions and dental care. care. Alternatively, national programs in the United States are Medicare, Medicaid, and programs that cover veterans and federal government employees. A large proportion of people have private insurance through their employer. While some private insurers in the United States have imposed CEA rules, cost per QALY has been a mandatory decision-making tool regarding coverage and reimbursement in the past. In the past, CEA has shown that it should have a place in our discourse, showing for example that prevention programs generally do not produce cost savings and that high-tech interventions can provide good value for money. quality-price (Neumann, 2004). Proponents of CEA believe that the nation's increasing health care spending and desire for the best in medical technology will eventually force us to seriously consider using CEA as a possible solution to our problems. Perhaps an intermediate solution would be to use the ACE as one tool among many when it comes to health policy development. It provides a tool to inform decision-making in a clear and explicit manner. In addition to the many countries that use the CEA, American medical journals publish them regularly. The CEA would be able to help managed care organizations, insurers, and policymakers make informed decisions. Supporters are optimistic that increased federal involvement in comparative effectiveness research will eventually lead to increased acceptance and use of QALYS as a tool.