However, in addition to the many contributions of British English, many other contributions can be traced back to French, Spanish, Dutch, and German immigrants during the 19th and 20th centuries. In particular, from German with words such as hamburger, Frankfurter, wiener, scram, garden, sauerkraut and Liverwurst and from Yiddish with words like schmooze and chutzpah. Spanish and French immigrants may also have had some influence on the development of American English. Such as canyon, stampede, vigilante and ranch are good examples of Spanish words that illustrate the influence of European immigrations (Belladelli & Cagliero,