By applying the ethical decision-making model, the ethical theory of deontology provided the best solution for the resolution of the case study. The universal principles of ethics allow an individual to create a maximum or imperative that encompasses not only the initial ethical dilemma, but also multicultural issues that may arise during the ethical reasoning process, such as gender, status and social identity. The second part of the case scenario added new ethical issues to consider. Jenny and Rhonda discuss an educational culture that privileges gender in organizational practices, such as the "old boys' club", which discriminates based on "full rather than associate professor" status, power imbalances, which prohibits pay equity and which uses group/non-group membership. discrimination to threaten Jenny's social identity. While the ethical reasoning process involved in theories such as virtue ethics, communitarianism, feminism and utilitarianism can hinder effective ethical decision-making by allowing situational, multicultural or contextual factors such as gender, pay equity, status and social identity create a cognitive process. overload which renders the individual incapable of