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Essay / Representation of instructions in working memory
Following instructions is part of our daily lives and is a very important human attribute. This makes implementing new arbitrary behaviors rather effortless compared to trial and error, thereby facilitating our learning process. Despite the fundamental role of our behavioral regulation, little is known about how instructions are represented in working memory. How do we plan an action and prepare ourselves to react in a specific way to a new and unprecedented task? It has been demonstrated that constraining mechanisms participate in action planning (Hommel, 1998; Stoet & Hommel, 1999, 2002); but does the simple instruction of an action result in a stimulus-response (SR) link? This is a tricky question to test experimentally since an ordered SR mapping must be presented only once before being implemented. Stoet & Hommel (1999) proposed a dual-task paradigm to study binding mechanisms on action planning of implemented instructions. The so-called ABBA paradigm is composed of task A and task B, with task B being integrated into task A. Figure 1α illustrates the rationale for the paradigm, in which stimulus A is always displayed before stimulus B and must not be answered only after the answer. to stimulus B was performed. By manipulating the overlapping response characteristics between tasks A and B (i.e.: using the same hand to respond or not to both stimuli), they showed that planning an action (response B ) is altered if it shares characteristics with another action already planned. in working memory (Answer A) (Stoet & Hommel, 1999). The argument is that planning an action involves binding between features that specify the intended action, so that linked feature codes are temporarily not readily available for planning and following through. ..... middle of paper ......ated to test various other hypotheses in the field. A possible and easy manipulation consists of introducing an articulatory suppression task to be performed simultaneously in order to investigate whether the results encountered are due to verbal coding. In an unreported study, Wencke et al. (2007) claimed to find similar results when subjects used a tongue depressor in the mouth in order to suppress subvocal articulatory activities while performing the ABBA tasks. Since reproducibility is an important step when dealing with a new paradigm in a relatively new area of research, our goal in this paper was to try to replicate Experiment 1 of Wencke et al. (2007) with and without articulatory suppression. We tried to keep the ABBA paradigm and stimuli as similar as they use, but some slight differences were unavoidable and will be explained in the methods session..