The Harappan Civilization, which emerged in 3300 BCE, is, for various reasons, one of the most intriguing civilizations that ever existed. It stretched along the Indus Valley from Pakistan to Afghanistan. This civilization, made up of a large number of small communities, was technologically very advanced and actually had many characteristics of the society we know today. The Harappans were among the first to have a writing system which historians have not yet been able to translate. Nevertheless, the society has left us numerous ruins which provide information about it. (See Appendix 1A) Harappa, a civilization of the Indus Valley, of which we have not yet been able to translate the written traces, nevertheless left some vestiges which help us to understand town planning, trade, way of life , agriculture and the mortality rate of society. remains left by the Harappan society, archaeologists are today able to understand the urban planning of the civilization. The Indus Valley Civilization spanned approximately 3,000 km and probably more. In recent years, archaeologists have discovered a number of major structures dating back to around 2,600 BCE. These structures were made of fired bricks. They give us clues about the material used in the development of the city. (See Appendix 1B) From these remains, archaeologists discovered that the houses and streets were arranged in a certain pattern, running from north to south and east to west. Multi-story houses have been discovered, indicating that the Harappan civilization had buildings very similar to some of ours. The houses were designed in such a way that each faced a small alley, which meant ...... middle of paper ...... an in-depth view of their society. The reason for the decline of civilization is not yet known, but there are some fascinating clues. Religious seals were used by the Harappan people, who first show superb carved figures of bulls, elephants and tigers. Later, however, these seals were made of clay rather than stone and, instead of the beautiful animal figures that had previously appeared, featured only crude geometric carvings, a possible indication of the decline of society. Historians are not yet able to explain this precisely, but they understand that the seals were important and used for political purposes as well as in religious rites. A mysterious society, the Harappas may not have writing, but they certainly left fascinating remains, suggesting they could have been a great society..