“Newar Buddhists inhabit the Kathmandu Valley and represent 5.5 percent of Nepal's population. » Edward Irons, who has built a historical database on Newar Buddhists, discusses what aspects contribute to Newar Buddhism and what it consists of. There are various texts within this religion that are very important. The differences linked to Newar Buddhism lie in the use of rituals and texts within the Sanghas. Looking at Buddhism itself, it is recognized as a widespread religion in countries like Sri Lanka, Tibet, Burma, and China, as well as many other Asian countries. The ritual texts within the religion, along with the stories and narratives, constitute what religion is today. The aim of this essay is to describe the use of rituals, texts and overall history of Newar Buddhism by analyzing different rituals such as Tantric ritual texts. David Gellner, author of the tantric ritual texts discussed in class, writes about the culture and ritualized devotion to tantric rituals in this Buddhist sect. Kathmandu Vally is a city in Nepal where Newar Buddhism originated and is home to amazing monuments and structures that tourists visit. It is one of the largest cities in Nepal and, thanks to its large religious community, is growing rapidly. The Newars, as Gellner describes them, have 20 castes scattered throughout the city. There are three cities where Newar Buddhism is located: Kathmandu, Lalitpur and Bhaktapur. The priests come from castes composed of Sakyas and Vajracaryas. Analyzing the history of Newar Buddhism allows the reader to understand the methodology of how the religious sect works and what contributes to the religion as a whole. There are various rituals in which Gellner discusses...... middle of paper .... ...in the form of accessories or any other clothing. The Kathmandu Valley is the only city in which Sanskrit is used (Gellner 2). The city of Kathmandy Valley is metropolitan and full of religious activities. As mentioned earlier, the occurrence of rituals is very important in this Buddhist sect. All major Newar Buddhist rituals begin with a sponsor performing the Guru Mandala under the careful supervision of a Vajracarya priest. The Guru Mandala, as Gellnar explains, is a framing ritual and the performer offers the world the mandala to his teacher and the Buddha Vajrasattva. The Guru's Mandala is the most fundamental ritual in Newari Buddhism and there are five written versions used, the oldest being a manual called Kriya-Samuccaya. The Guru Mandala ritual can be performed in a God room which is a prayer room and is traditionally used daily..