Effects of postpartum depression on childbearing and family educationPostpartum depression (PPD) is a major event occurring in eight to fifteen percent of the female population after childbirth (Glavin, Smith, Sørum, & Ellefsen, 2010). The symptoms and causes of PPD are similar to the symptoms of depression in other periods of life (Glavin et al., 2010). These symptoms may include feelings of helplessness and hopelessness, loss of interest in daily activities, changes in sleep, anger or irritability, loss of energy, self-loathing, behavior recklessness and concentration problems. These symptoms can lead to other factors that are detrimental to the family as they procreate and raise children. The purpose of this article is to discuss the effects of PPD in terms of its importance for family health. The scope of this article will discuss the relationship between PPD and child development, child-parent attachment, and marital dysfunction. Next, two determinants of health and their relevance to the health problem as well as strategies that could be used to promote family health will be discussed. Many factors regarding PPD correlate with child development, two interconnected factors primarily regarding PPD and child development are caregiving and attachment. First, PPD poses a health problem for families raising children because it negatively affects child development. Depressive symptoms such as sadness, pessimism and irritability are the main negative factors that affect child care. As stated by Stein, Malmberg, Sylva, Barnes, and Leach (2008), the adverse effects of PPD on child development are primarily due to poor care or neglect. In fact, it is clinically proven that "children of depressed mothers have increased levels of internalizing and... middle of paper ... or women with postpartum depression." Journal of Advanced Nursing, 66(6), 1317-1327. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2010.05263.xBarnes, D. (2006). POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION: ITS IMPACT ON COUPLES AND MARITAL SATISFACTION. Journal of Systemic Therapies, 25(3), 25-42. Taken from EBSCOhost. Gao, W., Paterson, J., Abbott, M., Carter, S., and Iusitini, L. (2007). Maternal mental health and child behavior problems at age 2: Results from the Pacific Islands Family Study. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 41(11), 885-895. doi:10.1080/00048670701634929 Stein, AA, Malmberg, LE, Sylva, KK, Barnes, JJ, & Leach, PP (2008). The influence of maternal depression, caregiving, and socioeconomic status during the postnatal year on children's language development. Child: Care, Health and Development, 34(5), 603-612. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2214.2008.00837.x