When reading, children should have good fluency and phonemic awareness. Another factor in a comprehensive literacy approach is expressive written language. Written expressive language has two components: mechanics and composition/creativity. The mechanics involve “how do you put your thoughts on paper?” » A good writer has a definite knowledge of sentence structure, paragraph structure, spelling and handwriting. Composition/creativity involves “how do you compose and organize for writing?” » This is similar to understanding because it includes oral language, knowledge of the world, visualization and inner dialogue. The final factor in a comprehensive approach to literacy is instruction. Instruction has two components: reading and writing opportunities and direct instruction. Direct instruction ensures that the necessary skills are taught. Children who have the opportunity to read and write accurately understand early literacy better (Christie, Enz, & Vukelich,