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Essay / The Globalization of Sport - 2161
Sport is an ever-increasing aspect of our cultures, and as access to different sporting avenues begins to present itself, we question the ability of sporting organizations to develop on a global scale. This literature review will examine different avenues of sports and the research that has been done regarding their efforts to grow globally. Arguably one of the most effective avenues for sport to grow on a global scale is football. Football is played in more countries (204) than any other sport. (Klein, 2008) Manchester United is a perfect example of football as a brand that has grown globally. In a case study by John S. Hill and John Vincent, the globalization of Manchester United's sports branding is examined using David Aaker's brand identity model. (Hill & Vincent, 2006) Aaker's model breaks down what constitutes core and extended brand identity. (Aaker, 1996) These values that constitute the core and extended brand identities are brand as product, brand as organization, brand as person and brand as symbol. (Aaker, 1996) Throughout this case study, Hill and Vincent explain these key values relating to Manchester United in detail, which helps to explain why Manchester United, as a football team, has been so successful . According to Hill and Vincent, the brand as a product is very marketable because the familiarity of the basic concepts of the sport, the ease of playing, the value of the English Premier League as a league and the country of origin of the modern game have been invented. in England. (Hill & Vincent, 2006) The brand as an organization is also marketable due to the club's traditional youth program, the addition of well-known names and the fast pace of play that was created to increase enthusiasm fans. (Hill & Vincent...... middle of article ......g sport: evaluation of the World Baseball Classic. Soccer & Society, 158-169. Luo, M. (February 9, 2003). Rocket's Yao Ming takes Asians in America to new heights. The Miami Herald. Maguire, J. and Bale, J. (1994). : the NBA sets its sights on Africa. International Journal of Sports Marketing & Sponsorship, 40-49 (April 12, 2005). , L. (2009). The globalization of sport: an inconvenient truth, 1-20. Wang, C.-M. Capitalizing on the Great Man: Yao Ming, Asian America, and Inter-Asian Cultural Studies in China., 263-278.