In “The Lost Island” and “The Ending City,” the future is depicted as something detrimental to the society that each story represents. In Pauline Johnson's short story, "The Lost Island", this concept manifests itself in the visions given by the medicine man, based on the story told by the tilicum. In Archibald Lampman's poem, “The Ending City,” this concept is expressed through the fall of human society to a colder, more “robotic” age. Both texts rely on the expectation that society, both locally and globally, may undergo harmful transformation in the future. Neither text describes an apocalyptic environment in the "present", but rather an expectation of what the future could be. In Pauline Johnson's story, "The Lost Island," the main character tells a story from her people's history, in which a medicine man predicted the societal oppression of her people. In Archibald Lampman's poem, "The End of Things City," the narration depicts an environment that has evolved so much that it has actually fallen into an unfriendly, even hellish, state. Each of these texts achieves this level of representation by drawing on its own respective narrative past. In the story of "The Lost Island", the main character draws on an old story from the history of his people to explain his current way of life and the current ambitions of these people. In the poem “The Ending City,” the narrator recalls the way humanity existed before the advent of the technological age in order to convey the impact of the current environment. The story "The Lost Island", which is written by Pauline J...... middle of paper ...... whitewash it with its venomous air..." (Lampman 243-245). It There are no humans in the city, because they cannot survive there. Although the city is supposed to be the epitome of their civilization, something they built themselves, humans cannot there. exist. “In olden times there were multitudes of men, / Who built this city in their pride, / Until its power was realized, and then / They withered from age to age and died. ..” (Lampman 243-245). Works cited Johnson, Pauline. “The Lost Island”. Ed. Donna Bennet. Third edition. , 2010. 233-235. Lampman, Archibald. "The City of the End of Things." , 2010. 243-245. Print.