INTRODUCTION TO PLANT CELL CULTUREMATERIAL SAFETY1. .INTRODUCTION TO BIOTECHNOLOGY Introduction and definition o Historical perspectives o Scope and importance of biotechnology o Commercial potential 2. CELL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENTa) Cell divisionb) Cell cyclec) Animal and plant development3. PLANT CELL CULTURE AND APPLICATIONSa) Introductionb) Cell and tissue culture techniques c) Applications of cell and tissue culture) Methods of gene transfer into plantse) Transgenic plants with beneficial traitsf) Agricultural diagnostics and molecular breeding g) Bioethics in Plant Genetic EngineeringPREFACESB Iotechnology, as a rapidly developing technology and science, has already shown its impact on different aspects of daily human life, such as public health, pharmaceuticals, food and agriculture, industry, bioenergy and information technologies. It is now very clear that biotechnology will be a key technology for the 21st century and for the science of the future. It has the potential to ensure food security, significantly reduce hunger and malnutrition, as well as reduce rural poverty, particularly in developing countries. Given its commercial potential and possible impact on the economy, what makes modern biotechnology modern? It is not modern in the sense of using various living organisms, but in the techniques used to do so. The introduction of a large number of new techniques has forever changed the face of conventional biotechnology. These modern techniques, applied mainly to cells and molecules, make it possible to take advantage of the biological process in a very precise manner. For example, genetic engineering has allowed us to transfer ownership of a single gene from one organism to another. But before we get into the details of biotechnology and the techniques that make it possible, let's first define