In particular, Atatürk pursued a policy of nationalizing foreign businesses and revoking concessions that the Ottoman Empire had previously offered to foreign governments (Gelvin 201) . Since the Ottoman Empire was never subject to widespread European colonization, Atatürk was gradually able to implement a policy of domestic development without foreign encroachment. On the other hand, after the First World War, Iran was marked by Russian and British interventions. Thus, the Iranian state under Reza Shah was determined to end the grip of foreign control over the Iranian economy. Under the Shah, the state canceled foreign concessions, established a national bank to replace the British-run “Imperial Bank,” and took control of the post, telegraph, and customs from foreigners (Gelvin 205). However, full economic sovereignty was ultimately not achieved. British influence was still felt in its resilient control over the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company, which ran the Iranian economy. As a result, Britain continued to manipulate control over the future of modern Iran.