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  • Essay / Special education vs. inclusive education - 893

    Research suggests that the integration and inclusion of students with special educational needs can be beneficial not only for the student, but also for parents, teachers and caregivers. student's peers (Stainback, Stainback and Jackson, 1992). It is also suggested that integration and inclusion are also beneficial for students in areas of learning other than academic, including that of emotional and social development. Wagner is in favor of inclusive education, but believes that “placement in mainstream education alone does not guarantee success. .” (Wagner, 1996). It is important to understand the individual needs of children enrolled in mainstream education, as well as their strengths and weaknesses (Harrison, 1998). Wagner also advises the use of educational aids, stating that "at least partial support from an educational aide or teacher is generally necessary for optimal academic and social progress." (Wagner, 1999). Wagner designed an “inclusion model,” as shown in the following diagram: Powell says it is important to understand how children with ASD learn, prior to their inclusion in the mainstream. He states: “Autistic learning is of a disconnected type and therefore autistic students need to be shown what the connections are as well as what the specific connections are within the particular learning experience in which they are engaged. » (Powell, 2000) He explains that using visual cues will help autistic students make these specific connections. Clearly, to put Powell's suggestions into practice in a mainstream school, it would be necessary to provide sufficient resources and training. Powell also states: "It is necessary to address the fundamental question of how to make these children's thinking more effective, also a...... middle of paper ......C., Pakir, A ., Tong, CK, ed. Imagine Singapore. Singapore: Times Academic PressPlatt, J. & Weber, H. (1980). English in Singapore and Malaysia: status, characteristics, functions. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press Speak Good English Movement website [online] (URL http://www.goodenglish.org.sg/ ) (accessed 25 July 2013) The Coxford Singlish Dictionary [online] (URL http ://www.talkingcock.com/html/lexec.php)(Accessed July 25, 2013)Toh, PCS (2011). Hey, Goondu! Singapore: Field Marshal CavendishTurnbull, CMM (1989). A History of Singapore, 1819-1988. Singapore: Oxford University Press Wee, L. (2005). Intralinguistic discrimination and linguistic human rights: the case of Singlish, Applied Linguistics (26)1, pp 48-69Wee, L. (2010). “Burdens” and “handicaps” in Singapore’s language policy: on the limits of language management, Language Policy (9), 97-114