JudgmentThe mental operations which we have described so far find the culmination of their development in the process which we know as reasoning. This does not mean that reasoning is a completely new form of physical activity, to which others subordinate themselves. This means that in the process of reasoning, the full involvement and significance of these other conscious processes becomes clear, as they reach their full evolution. Furthermore, this does not mean that reasoning is a form of process that only appears after the other processes we have studied have been developed (Angell, JR 2002). Authority Summarizing his feelings to a colleague, Milgram called the results “terrifying and depressing.” ". For a democratic country, he observed gloomily, "a substantial proportion of people do what they are told to do, whatever the content of the act, and without awareness, as long as they perceive that the order comes from a legitimate authority (Baltimore Jewish Times, 2009). Stanley Milgram's experiments in obedience to authority – sometimes called shock studies – are the most influential and controversial in the field. modern social psychology They have affected fields as varied as law, business, medicine and the military. Plays, films and songs have been based on these experiences, and well-known authors such as Doris. Lessing and Arthur Koestler have written extensively about them in the field of academic social psychology, it would be difficult to overestimate their impact. In social psychology textbooks, an important study is usually described in just a few sentences, or at most one. paragraph, but obedience experiences almost always receive cover pages. Obedience studies are indeliberate...... middle of paper ... ...practical. Sometimes the will of the people is undermined by a desire for order that results in wanting someone else to take the reins. In the West, we tend to have a healthy suspicion of authority precisely because of this tendency of established legitimate authority not to remain under the control of the will of the people. Authority tends to become disconnected from the will of the people, and the will of the people tends to have difficulty asserting itself in the face of authority. In this section of the article, I will refine the definitions of authority and authoritarianism with the help of Hannah Arendt and others, and show that they are not as distinct as one might think. think it. If the connection between authority and authoritarianism is too close for comfort, perhaps the value of authority should also be questioned (Eagan, Jennifer, 2007).