In his book “Balkan Genocides: Holocaust and ethnic cleansing in the twentieth century”, Mojzes (2011) presents a comprehensive, detailed and balanced account of the Holocaust, cleansing and genocides experienced in the Balkan Peninsula during the 20th century. When referring to the Balkans, the author includes Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Yugoslavia, Macedonia, Croatia, Bulgaria, Greece, Serbia, Albania, Montenegro, the European part of the Turkey and Slovenia. Mojzes (2011) places these events in their correct historical context, exposing common misunderstandings around these genocides, some of which have not been recognized to date. He notes that there were three major factors that led to these genocides, particularly during World War II, which was the culmination of genocides and ethnic cleansing. These forces included huge and powerful ideological systems that governed various powerful armed forces and powerful governments. Among them was Nazi-dominated Germany in union with Italian fascists in conflict with Marxist-inspired Soviet communism which maintained a temporary friendship with Western capitalist democratic nations. There are also other small ethnic groups or nations that were regularly at war with each other as they moved from enemies to allies or from allies to enemies. Smaller European nations, such as those located on the Balkan Peninsula, found themselves embroiled in these clashes, either by being victims of these powerful confrontations and brutal occupations, or by supporting and collaborating in various military takeovers. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why violent video games should not be banned”?Get the original essayAs a result, millions of people have been killed, tortured, imprisoned, displaced, raped, injured, robbed and their homes have been set on fire. Mojzes (2011) also notes that there is an assumption that genocides were the result of plans made by powerful leaders such as Stalin, Hitler, and Mao Zedong, among others. For this reason, entire religions or nations are excluded from the game of genocide accusations, which is false. Mojzes (2011) highlights how ethnoreligiosity has uniquely contributed to ethnic cleansing and genocides in the Balkan region. He defines ethnoreligiosity as a certain symbiotic fusion that combines religious and ethnic heritage in order to offer a sense of collective and personal identity. The role of ethnoreligiosity in the genocides and ethnic cleansing of the Balkans is highlighted by the scale of ethnic cleansing during the wars of disintegration of Yugoslavia. The ethnic stratification that prevailed in the early 1990s resulted in a rivalry in which neighboring ethnicities or nations viewed each other as rivals or a threat. Differences in skin color, language, eye color, or hair became the basis for determining how people were treated. each other. There was a conflict between politicians and religious leaders, who sought to defend their people. Mojzes (2011) notes that despite the fact that these events occurred, some problems with loitering between the various religions and nations of the Balkans persist. These questions must be addressed by understanding the Holocaust, ethnic cleansing and past genocides on the Balkan Peninsula. Zinn (2015), in his excerpt “Columbus and Western Civilization,” evaluates American history from the perspective of Native Americans. Native Americans were also called “Arawak Indians” by ChristopheColumbus because he thought he was in Asia. To achieve his goal, Zinn used the Columbus journals and another excerpt to study American history, since no other scientific records existed. To many Americans, Columbus was a hero or the man who discovered America. However, Zinn (2015) describes Columbus as ruthless, greedy, and questionable when it came to navigation. Columbus was not special or heroic as many historians have described him to be. His main goal was to acquire as much wealth and gold as possible to make his employers and financiers happy in Spain. Zinn references some prominent and famous scholars and historians to make his claims against Columbus. For example, he refers to de las Casas to prove that even in the 1490s, Columbus was known by some Europeans as a brutal man and a murderer. Zinn (2015) asserts that Columbus originated the cruelty and brutality against humans of different ethnicities that has been seen throughout American history. According to the author, individuals like Columbus should be held accountable for various genocidal crimes committed during their time. Additionally, Zinn (2015) notes that there has been a problem in the way certain issues are presented in some history textbooks and other works. He notes that some history textbooks have painted the picture that all Americans are the same and that common independence and freedom unite everyone. He emphasizes the need to recognize the difference and division that exists among Americans, such as the division between the powerful and the powerless, and between the rich and the poor. The author also emphasizes that historians should not rely too much on what happened, but rather focus on rectifying the persecution and marginalization that prevailed in the past. It is for this reason that he emphasizes that it is important that we realize that Western industrialization was strongly linked to the persecution and marginalization of the indigenous peoples of the New World. Rather than focusing on the idealized view of North American colonization that is usually discussed in many history texts, the author focuses on the bitter facts regarding the brutality of colonization. Zinn uses various quotes from various Native Americans to reveal the greed for wealth and property that the English colonizers possessed, which resulted in the use of violence and brutality against the Native Americans. Self-Determination and the Question of World Order,” Ward Churchill addresses land issues facing the Native American community. Churchill illustrates how various laws put in place by the United States to help Americans continue to fail miserably when used to solve various problems facing Native Americans. It highlights what the United States did to the Native Americans of North America, who continue to struggle for freedom and property, challenges related to various cultural issues, their repression, resistance, and other struggles against ideologies Indians. The author's main claim in this excerpt is how the United States was able to dispossess American Indians of their native lands. Churchill notes that through exploitation and misinterpretation of the Doctrine of Discovery and Rights of Conquest, the United States was able to acquire over 97.5% of native lands from the American Indians. He also highlighted the role of the various opinions provided by the fourth Chief Justice of the United States, John Marshall, on land issues. Marshall oversaw several important cases on Native lands,.