They focused their attention on uncovering why abusive men behave the way they do. The results indicated that this was mainly due to their male privilege. Ellen Pence theorized that "there are underlying beliefs about gender, as well as latent fears, that more broadly underlie our perceptions of who we are and how we we behave. We view violent behavior as a logical consequence in a society which, until recent years, openly gave men the right to the servitude of women and authorized them to resort to violence in order to maintain their privileged place..." (Gandolf , 2010, p. 44). SO; Thanks to this awareness and understanding of the underlying source(s) of male behavior, educational programs have been put in place to help perpetrators of violence become self-aware, take responsibility and to change their point of view on male behavior.