-
Essay / Debunking Ethnocentric Claims about Universalism - 1009
A problem that has arisen is that cultural relativists and opponents of universalism fail to recognize the contingency that Nussbaum writes about. Although universalists place all humans in one category with equal rights, they recognize the difference between individuals' upbringings. It is helpful to examine certain practices through a cultural lens in an attempt to understand that practice, but it is also crucial to step back and consider that same practice in order to discern whether it is morally right and just. Universalists do not aim to restrict cultural practices or activities unless those activities violate informed consent and the harm principle set forth by John Stuart Mill. Mill believes that an individual should have the freedom to do whatever they want, except when that act intentionally harms someone outside the scope of the consenting practitioners. Another problem with universalism is when countries and individuals misinterpret it to mean conformity and sameness, as opposed to what it actually is: equal rights and concern for all humans. In The Politics of the Veil, Joan Wallach Scott opposes the French decision to ban the veil. This decision might have aroused less controversy if the French government had granted a right of exit to those who feel oppressed by the veil and fear consequences from the men in their family and community, instead of ban the practice as a whole. As mentioned above, the veil has long been a comfort zone for many women. Although the requirement for women to wear the veil was originally intended to demonstrate male dominance, it has recently become simply a piece of clothing and part of some women's identity. By banning the veil, the French appealed to their own ethnocentrism and their goals of assimilation and